ArticlePediatric research2024
Predictive and diagnostic measures for kernicterus spectrum disorder: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Pediatric research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and aetiology of cerebral palsy among Nigerian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Parenteral Lipid Dose and Bilirubin Neurotoxicity in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Factorial Randomized Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Point-of-care serum bilirubin as an efficient and comparable alternative to hospital based testing.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Kernicterus Continues to Occur in the USA Despite Concerted Preventive Efforts.Case reports in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Congenital syngnathia: a case report of osseous fusion between the maxilla and mandible.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Global burden of hemolytic disease and neonatal jaundice from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 data.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association of T1-weighted hyperintensity with timing of peak bilirubin levels in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Community health worker-led household screening and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomized control trial protocol.Gates open research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD) resulting from neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains a common cause of cerebral palsy worldwide. This 12-month prospective cohort study followed neonates with hyperbilirubinemia to determine which clinical measures best predict KSD.
methodsThe study enrolled neonates ≥35 weeks gestation with total serum bilirubin (TSB) ≥ 20 mg/dl admitted to Aminu Kano Hospital, Nigeria. Clinical measures included brain MRI, TSB, modified bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND-M), Barry-Albright Dystonia scale (BAD), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and the modified KSD toolkit. MRI signal alteration of the globus pallidus was scored using the Hyperbilirubinemia Imaging Rating Tool (HIRT).
resultsOf 25 neonates enrolled, 13/25 completed 12-month follow-up and six developed KSD. Neonatal BIND-M ≥ 3 was 100% sensitive and 83% specific for KSD. Neonatal ABR was 83% specific and sensitive for KSD. Neonatal HIRT score of 2 was 67% sensitive and 75% specific for KSD; this increased to 100% specificity and sensitivity at 12 months. BAD ≥ 2 was 100% specific for KSD at 3-12 months, with 50-100% sensitivity.
conclusionsNeonatal MRIs do not reliably predict KSD. BIND-M is an excellent screening tool for KSD, while the BAD or HIRT score at 3 or 12 months can confirm KSD, allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. IMPACT: The first prospective study of children with acute bilirubin encephalopathy evaluating brain MRI findings over the first year of life. Neonatal MRI is not a reliable predictor of kernicterus spectrum disorders (KSD). Brain MRI at 3 or 12 months can confirm KSD. The modified BIND scale obtained at admission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a valuable screening tool to assess risk for developing KSD. The Barry Albright Dystonia scale and brain MRI can be used to establish a diagnosis of KSD in at-risk infants as early as 3 months.
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