Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37689640›Full record

ArticleBMC medical research methodology2023

Survey response over 15 years of follow-up in the Millennium Cohort Study.

Claire A Kolaja, Jennifer N Belding, Satbir K Boparai, Sheila F Castañeda, Toni Rose Geronimo-Hara, Teresa M Powell, Xin M Tu, Jennifer L Walstrom, Beverly D Sheppard, Rudolph P Rull and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Claire A KolajaDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA. claire.a.kolaja.ctr@health.mil.
Jennifer N BeldingDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Satbir K BoparaiDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Sheila F CastañedaDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Toni Rose Geronimo-HaraDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Teresa M PowellLeidos, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
Xin M TuClinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jennifer L WalstromDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Beverly D SheppardDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Rudolph P RullDeployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Millennium Cohort Study Team

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatterns of survey response and the characteristics associated with response over time in longitudinal studies are important to discern for the development of tailored retention efforts aimed at minimizing response bias. The Millennium Cohort Study, the largest and longest running cohort study of military personnel and veterans, is designed to examine the long-term health effects of military service and experiences and thus relies on continued participant survey responses over time. Here, we describe the response rates for follow-up survey data collected over 15 years and identify characteristics associated with follow-up survey response and mode of response (paper vs. web).

methodPatterns of follow-up survey response and response mode (web, paper, none) were examined among eligible participants (n=198,833), who were initially recruited in four panels from 2001 to 2013 in the Millennium Cohort Study, for a follow-up period of 3-15 years (2004-2016). Military and sociodemographic factors (i.e., enrollment panel, sex, birth year, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, service component, service branch, pay grade, military occupation, length of service, and time deployed), life experiences and health-related factors (i.e., military deployment/combat experience, life stressors, mental health, physical health, and unhealthy behaviors) were used to examine follow-up response and survey mode over time in multivariable generalized estimating equation models.

resultsOverall, an average response rate of 60% was observed across all follow-up waves. Factors associated with follow-up survey response over time included increased educational attainment, married status, female sex, older age, military deployment (regardless of combat experience), and higher number of life stressors, mental health issues, and physical health diagnoses.

conclusionDespite the challenges associated with collecting multiple waves of follow-up survey data from members of the U.S. military during and after service, the Millennium Cohort Study has maintained a relatively robust response rate over time. The incorporation of tailored messages and outreach to those groups least likely to respond over time may improve retention and thereby increase the representativeness and generalizability of collected survey data.

Indexed as

Military PersonnelVeteransCohort StudiesData CollectionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansCohort studyFollow-up surveysLongitudinalMilitaryResponse rates

Identifiers

PMID37689640
PMCPMC10492282

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.