ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Immune Checkpoints in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: New Insights into a Detrimental and Elusive Disorder.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into Reproductive Immunology and Placental Pathology, 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in pregnancy disorders: a multi-dimensional framework for biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoregulatory Imbalance in Preeclampsia: A Cross-Sectional Study of B7-H3 and Decidual NK Cell Interactions.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification of m5C-related genes and subclusters in recurrent pregnancy loss.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Toll-like Receptor Pathway in Ovine Endometria During Early Pregnancy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Immunological aetiologies and associations with mental health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Article
- Unveiling sialoglycans' immune mastery in pregnancy and their intersection with tumor biology.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Soluble Forms of Immune Checkpoints and Their Ligands as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss-A Preliminary Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Spatial profiling of the placental chorioamniotic membranes reveals upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins during Group BFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to two or more miscarriages before 20 weeks gestation. Its prevalence is 1-2%; its pathogenesis remains unexplained in more than 50% of cases, in which the cause is thought to be abnormal immune activity during placentation leading to a lack of pregnancy-induced immune tolerance. It is unknown whether immune activity is deranged in the endometrium of women with RPL. We studied the gene expression and the quantitative tissue protein levels of three immune checkpoints (CD276, which enhances cytotoxic T-cell activity, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 [CTL-4], which reduces Th1 cytokine production, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 [LAG-3], which shows suppressive activity on Tregs and CD4+ T-cells) in endometrial samples from 27 women with unexplained RPL and in 29 women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and previous uneventful pregnancies as controls. RNA isolation, real-time PCR, protein isolation, and ELISA were performed. CD276 gene expression and protein tissue levels were significantly lower in the endometrium of the RPL group than in the controls, whereas both CTL-4 and
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