ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive Biomarkers for the Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis beyond Peak Eosinophil Counts: Filling the Gap in Clinical Practice.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in diagnostic techniques for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review of emerging noninvasive methods.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Letter: Peripheral Blood Eosinophils as Complementary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Follow-Up in Eosinophilic Oesophagitis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Letter: Peripheral Blood Eosinophils as Complementary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Follow-Up in Eosinophilic Oesophagitis-Authors' Reply.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Review
- Emerging Tissue and Blood Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Compartment-based biomarker integration for clinical monitoring in eosinophilic esophagitis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Latest Developments and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Endoscopic Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Narrative Review on Diagnosis and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Dynamic Evolution of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- MicroRNAs in Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Common and disparate clinical presentations and mechanisms in different eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Minimally Invasive Approaches to Diagnose and Monitor Eosinophilic GI Diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Optimal Assessment, Treatment, and Monitoring of Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Strategies to Improve Outcomes.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for a type 2 inflammatory disease.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Review
- A cost-of-illness study of eosinophilic esophagitis in Italy: assessing direct and indirect costs.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review of Non-Eosinophilic Esophagitis-Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease (Non-EoE-EGID) and a Case Series of Twenty-Eight Affected Patients.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Unmet Needs in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Do We Still Have Some?Inflammatory intestinal diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic esophageal disease that needs lifelong management and follow-up. The diagnosis requires an upper endoscopy with at least one esophageal biopsy demonstrating >15 eosinophils/high-power field, and often occurs with a diagnostic delay of up to ten years, partly due to the absence of valid non-invasive screening tools. In addition, serial upper endoscopies with esophageal biopsies are mandatory to assess the efficacy of any ongoing treatment in patients with EoE. These procedures are invasive, costly, and, when performed without sedation, are often poorly tolerated by patients. Therefore, there is the clinical need to identify reliable non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers that could be used to assess disease activity in clinical practice as a surrogate of peak eosinophil counts on esophageal biopsies. This review summarizes evidence on investigational non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of EoE to report on the state of the art in the field and support future research. We discussed eosinophil-derived mediators including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN, also known as eosinophil protein X), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and major basic protein (MBP) as well as other promising non-eosinophil-derived biomarkers. Although several studies have shown the utility of most biomarkers collected from the serum, esophageal luminal secretions, and feces of EoE patients, numerous limitations currently hamper the integration of such biomarkers in clinical practice. Future studies should aim at validating the utility of non-invasive and minimally invasive biomarkers using rigorous protocols and updated consensus criteria for EoE.
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