ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Difficulties in Establishing the Adverse Effects of β-Casomorphin-7 Released from β-Casein Variants-A Review.
Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of A1 protein-free formula versus conventional formula on acute respiratory infections and diarrhea in toddlers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Bioactive Peptides from Bovine Colostrum: Sources, Structures, and Biomedical Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Effect of early administration of total enteral feeding with different regimens of nutritional preparations on the growth status of very low birth weight preterm infants.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- β-casomorphin-7: a review of occurrence, identification, techno-functionality, and effects on human health.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Exploratory identification of coding and splicing-related SNV variants in A1A1 and A2A2 β-casein Holstein dairy cows.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Effects of β-casein A1/A2 milk and β- and κ-casein genotypes on the performance, body composition, and fecal score of dairy calves.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of alternative splicing events in cows with A1A1 and A2A2 β-casein genotypes using large gap read mapping.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of milk fat globules in cows with different β-casein genotypes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cow milk protein allergy mimics in infancy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- β-Casein A1 and A2 Genetic Variants and β-Casomorphin-7 in Raw Milk and Processed Milk Products.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Cleavage Sites in Bovine β-Casein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of β-casein A2 cow milk supplementation on physical growth, inflammation, growth-related hormones, and nutritional biomarkers in stunted children.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Casein and Casein-Derived Peptides: Antibacterial Activities and Applications in Health and Food Systems.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Whey Protein Enzymatic Breakdown: Synthesis, Analysis, and Discovery of New Biologically Active Peptides in Papain-Derived Hydrolysates.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of the β-Casein Genotype of Cow's Milk (A1, A2) on the Quality and β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) Content of a Semi-Hard Cheese During Production.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Differential A1/A2 β-casein (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A1 protein free milk benefits mood and subjective cognition in free-living Australian adults: a pragmatic, exploratory, open label randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Health-Related Outcomes and Molecular Methods for the Characterization of A1 and A2 Cow's Milk: Review and Update.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Insights into the Current and Possible Future Use of Opioid Antagonists in Relation to Opioid-Induced Constipation and Dysbiosis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is a peptide released through the proteolysis of β-casein (β-CN), which is considered a bioactive peptide displaying evidence of promoting the binding and activation of the μ-opioid receptor located in various body parts, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system and potentially the central nervous system. The possible effects of BCM-7 on health are a theme rising in popularity due to evidence found in several studies on the modulation of gastrointestinal proinflammatory responses that can trigger digestive symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort. With the advancement of studies, the hypothesis that there is a correlation of the possible effects of BCM-7 with the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established. However, some studies have suggested the possibility that these adverse effects are restricted to a portion of the population, and the topic is controversial due to the small number of in vivo studies, which makes it difficult to obtain more conclusive results. In addition, a threshold of exposure to BCM-7 has not yet been established to clarify the potential of this peptide to trigger physiological responses at gastrointestinal and systemic levels. The proportion of the population that can be considered more susceptible to the effects of BCM-7 are evidenced in the literature review. The challenges of establishing the adverse effects of BCM-7 are discussed, including the importance of quantifying the BCM-7 release in the different β-CN genotypes. In summary, the reviewed literature provides plausible indications of the hypothesis of a relationship between β-CN A1/BCM-7 and adverse health effects; however, there is need for further, especially in vivo studies, to better understand and confirm the physiological effects of this peptide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.