ArticleAdvances in therapy2023
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Respiratory Treatments: Results from the SABA CARBON International Study.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Strategies and tactics to reduce the impact of healthcare on climate change: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Pooled it
- Climate change adaptation and mitigation in African health systems: a scoping review of research and policy translation.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Decarbonising Respiratory Care: The Impact of a Low-Carbon Salbutamol Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhalers.Allergy · 2026Article
- Carbon Emissions and Treatment Efficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Impact of Inhaled Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Observational
- Impact of Pre-Actuation Shaking on the Aerosolization Performance of Easyhaler® Salbutamol Dry Powder Inhaler.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Environmental sustainability in asthma: reducing carbon footprint and medication wastage.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Carbon emissions from the increasing use of inhaled corticosteroid-LABA medications: a primary care used case from Singapore.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Estimated carbon emissions for PBS-subsidised prescription respiratory inhalers, Australia, 2019-2023: a descriptive analysis.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Article
- Environmental Sustainability in the Outpatient Clinic Setting.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Primary healthcare's carbon footprint and sustainable strategies to mitigate its contribution: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Contributions of Medical Greenhouse Gases to Climate Change and Their Possible Alternatives.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- The need for implementing a standardized, evidence-based emergency department discharge plan for optimizing adult asthma patient outcomes in the UAE, expert meeting report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Inhaler device selection for people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Australian prescriber · 2024Review
- Climate Policy and Pediatric Asthma: How Transition to Nonhydrofluorocarbon Propellants Will Disproportionately Impact Children.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHealthcare systems are looking to reduce their carbon impact. Short-acting β
methodsTwo data sources were utilised to evaluate the carbon contribution of inhalers to respiratory care. To quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with total inhaler use across all respiratory indications, inhaler sales data were obtained from IQVIA MIDAS
resultsSABA accounted for > 50% of total inhaler use and inhaler-related emissions in most countries analysed. The total SABA-related emissions were estimated at 2.7 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalents, accounting for 70% of total inhaler-related emissions. Among the countries, regions and economies analysed, per capita SABA use and associated emissions were higher in Australia, the Middle East and high-income countries. Most SABA prescriptions for asthma (> 90%) were given to patients already overusing SABA.
conclusionsGlobally, SABA use/overuse is widespread and is the greatest contributor to the carbon footprint of respiratory treatment, regardless of the economic status of countries. Implementing evidence-based treatment recommendations, personalising treatment and reducing healthcare inequities, especially in LMICs, may improve disease control and patient outcomes, thereby reducing SABA overuse and associated carbon emissions beyond SABA use alone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.