ArticleNature communications2023
Cold-programmed shape-morphing structures based on grayscale digital light processing 4D printing.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research on Stereolithography-Based Shape Memory Polymers/FeMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vine Tendril-Inspired Cold-Programmable Shape-Memory Polymer Composites Using Sugar Beet Pulp.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Next-generation epidermal patches: Bridging 3D and multidimensional printing for biomedical and personal care innovations.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Hierarchical laser-programmed soft actuators for designing bionic robots with freeform morphing shapes.Science advances · 2026Article
- Toward 4D printed functional soft tissues.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Robotic Materials With Bioinspired Microstructures for High Sensitivity and Fast Actuation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Robotic conformal 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers.Science advances · 2026Article
- 4D printing through vat photopolymerization of two-stage UV-curable liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multifaceted mechanical responsive metamaterials: Mechanisms, fabrications, and applications.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Co-design of programmable material systems.NPJ metamaterials · 2026Review
- Review
- Machine Learning-Driven Grayscale Digital Light Processing for Mechanically Robust 3D-Printed Gradient Materials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Grayscale 4D Printing of Ferromagnetic Soft Materials.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Additive Manufacturing for Nanogenerators: Fundamental Mechanisms, Recent Advancements, and Future Prospects.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
- Dual-bond fracture metamaterials with full-field extrinsic toughening.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Digital light processing 3D printing of flexible devices: actuators, sensors and energy devices.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Advances in materials and technologies for digital light processing 3D printing.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Review
- 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Programmed multimaterial assembly by synergized 3D printing and freeform laser induction.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Shape-morphing structures that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to diverse tasks are highly desirable for intelligent machines in many interdisciplinary fields. Shape memory polymers are one of the most widely used stimuli-responsive materials, especially in 3D/4D printing, for fabricating shape-morphing systems. They typically go through a hot-programming step to obtain the shape-morphing capability, which possesses limited freedom of reconfigurability. Cold-programming, which directly deforms the structure into a temporary shape without increasing the temperature, is simple and more versatile but has stringent requirements on material properties. Here, we introduce grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) based 3D printing as a simple and effective platform for fabricating shape-morphing structures with cold-programming capabilities. With the multimaterial-like printing capability of g-DLP, we develop heterogeneous hinge modules that can be cold-programmed by simply stretching at room temperature. Different configurations can be encoded during 3D printing with the variable distribution and direction of the modular-designed hinges. The hinge module allows controllable independent morphing enabled by cold programming. By leveraging the multimaterial-like printing capability, multi-shape morphing structures are presented. The g-DLP printing with cold-programming morphing strategy demonstrates enormous potential in the design and fabrication of shape-morphing structures.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.