ArticleTranslational psychiatry2023
Rumination symptoms in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, and outcomes of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Brain Volumetric Abnormalities in Patients with Remitted Major Depressive Disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2024Pooled it
- Does mental health coaching improve efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression? A pilot randomized controlled trial and benchmarking study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of reward processing deficits in repetitive negative thinking: Implications for depression.Psychological medicine · 2026Trial
- Comparing neuromodulation targets to reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Reduced task-switching flexibility in parietal-cingulate and frontal circuits associated with brooding.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Article
- Predicting Repetitive Negative Thinking in Daily Life: Insights From Brain-Based Graph-Theoretical Predictive Modeling.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Efficacy of 5 × 5 accelerated versus conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Paving the way for precision treatment of psychiatric symptoms with functional connectivity neurofeedback.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Breaking the cycle: how physical activity disrupts repetitive negative thinking in adolescents through positive affect and cognitive flexibility.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Characterizing and predicting refractory rumination in obsessive compulsive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Emotional modulation of inhibitory control in rumination from empirical and computational perspectives.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- "Prideful Apathy": A Phenomenological-Psychopathological Study of Emotion Engagement and Regulation Tasks.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The lifeworld of people who ruminate: a qualitative phenomenological study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Efficacy of 5×5 accelerated versus conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression.Research square · 2025Article
- Illuminating posterior targets for TMS beyond the prefrontal cortex.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rumination is a maladaptive style of regulating thoughts and emotions. It is a common symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and more severe rumination is associated with poorer medication and psychotherapy treatment outcomes, particularly among women. It is unclear to what extent rumination may influence the outcomes of, or be responsive to, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of MDD. We retrospectively examined data collected during rTMS treatment of 155 patients (age 42.52 ± 14.22, 79 female) with moderately severe treatment-resistant MDD. The severity of rumination and depression was assessed before and during a course of 30 sessions of measurement-based rTMS treatment using the Ruminative Responses Scale (RSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Relationships among baseline levels of rumination, depression, and treatment outcome were assessed using a series of repeated measures linear mixed effects models. Both depression and rumination symptoms significantly improved after treatment, but improvement in depression was not a significant mediator of rumination improvement. Higher baseline rumination (but not depression severity) was associated with poorer depression outcomes independently of depression severity. Female gender was a significant predictor of worse outcomes for all RRS subscales. Both depressive and ruminative symptoms in MDD improved following rTMS treatment. These improvements were correlated, but improvement in rumination was not fully explained by reduction in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that while improvement in rumination and depression severity during rTMS treatment are correlated, they are partly independent processes. Future studies should examine whether rumination symptoms should be specifically targeted with different rTMS treatment parameters.
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