ArticlePLoS pathogens2023
Replication cycle timing determines phage sensitivity to a cytidine deaminase toxin/antitoxin bacterial defense system.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manipulation of the nucleotide pool in human, bacterial and plant immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Battle beyond membrane: flagella as a conduit for phage DNA entry and a trigger for bacterial defense in Yersinia enterocolitica.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria with genetic-information-free protein-only phages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemicPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Bioinformatic exploration reveals features of tenpIN family of type III toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria and viruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An archaeal chronic virus escapes the immunity of prokaryotic Argonaute.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A toxin-antitoxin system provides phage defense via DNA damage and repair.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Conformational change as a mechanism for toxin activation in bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- AJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- AbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous two-gene loci that bacteria use to regulate cellular processes such as phage defense. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which a novel type III TA system, avcID, is activated and confers resistance to phage infection. The toxin of the system (AvcD) is a deoxycytidylate deaminase that converts deoxycytidines (dC) to dexoyuridines (dU), while the RNA antitoxin (AvcI) inhibits AvcD activity. We have shown that AvcD deaminated dC nucleotides upon phage infection, but the molecular mechanism that activated AvcD was unknown. Here we show that the activation of AvcD arises from phage-induced inhibition of host transcription, leading to degradation of the labile AvcI. AvcD activation and nucleotide depletion not only decreases phage replication but also increases the formation of defective phage virions. Surprisingly, infection of phages such as T7 that are not inhibited by AvcID also lead to AvcI RNA antitoxin degradation and AvcD activation, suggesting that depletion of AvcI is not sufficient to confer protection against some phage. Rather, our results support that phage with a longer replication cycle like T5 are sensitive to AvcID-mediated protection while those with a shorter replication cycle like T7 are resistant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.