ArticlePloS one2023
Daily disease severity in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital: The SCODA (severity of coronavirus disease assessment) score.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tracking COVID-19 Severity and Progression Through Amines and Lipid Mediators.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Longitudinal soluble marker profiles reveal strong association between cytokine storms resulting from macrophage activation and disease severity in COVID-19 disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predicting Deterioration from Wearable Sensor Data in People with Mild COVID-19.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA multitude of diagnostic and predictive algorithms have been designed for COVID-19. However, currently no score can accurately quantify and track day-to-day disease severity in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. We aimed to design such a score to improve pathophysiological insight in COVID-19.
methodsDevelopment of the Severity of COronavirus Disease Assessment (SCODA) score was based on the 4C Mortality score but patient demographic variables that remain constant during admission were excluded. Instead, parameters associated with breathing and oxygenation were added to reflect the daily condition. The SCODA score was subsequently applied to the BEAT-COVID cohort to describe COVID-19 severity over time and to determine the timing of clinical recovery for each patient, an important marker in pathophysiological studies. The BEAT-COVID study included patients with PCR confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between April 2020 and March 2021 in the Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
resultsThe SCODA score consists of 6 clinical and 2 routine lab parameters. 191 patients participated in the BEAT-COVID study. Median age was 66, and 74.4% was male. The modal timepoint at which recovery was clinically initiated occurred on days 8 and 24 since symptom onset for non-ICU and ICU-patients, respectively.
conclusionsWe developed a daily score which can be used to track disease severity of patients admitted due to COVID-19. This score is useful for improving insight in COVID-19 pathophysiology, its clinical course and to evaluate interventions. In a future stage this score can also be used in other (emerging) infectious respiratory diseases.
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