Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37682551›Full record

ArticleJAMA2023

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Development of Islet Autoimmunity in Early Childhood.

Marija Lugar, Anne Eugster, Peter Achenbach, Thekla von dem Berge, Reinhard Berner, Rachel E J Besser, Kristina Casteels, Helena Elding Larsson, Gita Gemulla, Olga Kordonouri and 11 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
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  12. COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.

Marija LugarTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Anne EugsterTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Peter AchenbachInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
Thekla von dem BergeKinder-und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany.
Reinhard BernerDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Rachel E J BesserDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Kristina CasteelsDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Helena Elding LarssonUnit for Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Gita GemullaTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Olga KordonouriKinder-und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany.
Annett LindnerTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Markus LundgrenUnit for Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Denise MüllerTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Mariusz OltarzewskiInstitute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
Anne RochtusDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Marlon ScholzInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
Agnieszka SzypowskaDepartment of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
John A ToddWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Anette-Gabriele ZieglerInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
Ezio BonifacioTechnische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
GPPAD Study Group
Technische Universität Dresden · DETUM Klinikum · DECentre for Human Genetics · GBKinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult · DEKU Leuven · BELund University · SEUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus · DEHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEMedical University of Warsaw · PLPolish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute · PL

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: The incidence of diabetes in childhood has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elucidating whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with islet autoimmunity, which precedes type 1 diabetes onset, is relevant to disease etiology and future childhood diabetes trends. Objective: To determine whether there is a temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of islet autoimmunity in early childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants: Between February 2018 and March 2021, the Primary Oral Insulin Trial, a European multicenter study, enrolled 1050 infants (517 girls) aged 4 to 7 months with a more than 10% genetically defined risk of type 1 diabetes. Children were followed up through September 2022. Exposure: SARS-CoV-2 infection identified by SARS-CoV-2 antibody development in follow-up visits conducted at 2- to 6-month intervals until age 2 years from April 2018 through June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures: The development of multiple (≥2) islet autoantibodies in follow-up in consecutive samples or single islet antibodies and type 1 diabetes. Antibody incidence rates and risk of developing islet autoantibodies were analyzed. Results: Consent was obtained for 885 (441 girls) children who were included in follow-up antibody measurements from age 6 months. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies developed in 170 children at a median age of 18 months (range, 6-25 months). Islet autoantibodies developed in 60 children. Six of these children tested positive for islet autoantibodies at the same time as they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 6 at the visit after having tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The sex-, age-, and country-adjusted hazard ratio for developing islet autoantibodies when the children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 3.5 (95% CI, 1.6-7.7; P = .002). The incidence rate of islet autoantibodies was 3.5 (95% CI, 2.2-5.1) per 100 person-years in children without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 7.8 (95% CI, 5.3-19.0) per 100 person-years in children with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (P = .02). Islet autoantibody risk in children with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was associated with younger age (<18 months) of SARS-CoV-2 antibody development (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.5-18.3; P = .009). Conclusion and relevance: In young children with high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes, SARS-CoV-2 infection was temporally associated with the development of islet autoantibodies.

Indexed as

COVID-19Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Islets of LangerhansAntibodies, ViralAutoantibodiesAutoimmunityChild, PreschoolFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansInfantMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2Antibodies, ViralAutoantibodies

Identifiers

PMID37682551
PMCPMC10523173
OpenAlexW4386530193

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.