ArticleDiscover nano2023
In vitro and in vivo toxicity of carbon dots with different chemical compositions.
Article in Discover nano, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Review
- Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Biomass Waste: Photoluminescent Behavior and Toxicity Profile ValidatedACS omega · 2026Article
- Carbon Dots in Nanomedicine: Advanced Fabrication, Biomedical Applications, and Future Clinical Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Understanding the Toxicity of Carbon Dots: The Role of Synthesis Variability, Surface Chemistry, and Biological Context.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Characterization ofACS omega · 2026Article
- Applications of Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Treatment of Diabetes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Carbon Quantum Dots as Versatile Nanosystems for Biomedical Innovation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Prospects.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Cell-Driven Encapsulation of Chlorophyllin-Based Carbon Dots within Exosomes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: miRNA Profiling Reveals Mechanistic Insights.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Reproducibility roadblocks and standardization in carbon dot synthesis: a critical review of current practices, challenges, and future directions.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Review
- Article
- Carbon Dots for Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics: Focus on Oxidative DNA Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Carbon dots: A promising tool for viral infection treatment.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Bambara Groundnut Pericarp-Derived Carbon Dots: Reinforcement of Gelatin/PLA Bilayer Films and Their Function as Preservative in Packed Asian Seabass Slices.Journal of food science · 2025Article
- Surface Modification, Toxicity, and Applications of Carbon Dots to Cancer Theranosis: A Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots for Determination of Pharmacological and Biological Samples: A Review.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Review
- Carbon dot based dressing for therapy of chemically-induced cutaneous burns.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Carbon Nanodots-Based Polymer Nanocomposite: A Potential Drug Delivery Armament of Phytopharmaceuticals.Polymers · 2025Review
- Impact of irradiation conditions on therapy of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice using glucose-ethylenediamine carbon dots.BMC cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are easy-obtained nanoparticles with wide range of biological activity; however, their toxicity after prolonged exposure is poorly investigated. So, in vitro and in vivo toxicity of CDs with the surfaces enriched with hydroxylated hydrocarbon chains and methylene groups (CD_GE), carboxyl and phenol groups accompanied with nitrogen (CD_3011), trifluoromethyl (CDF19) or toluidine and aniline groups (CDN19) were aimed to be discovered. CDs' in vitro toxicity was assessed on A549 cells (real-time cell analysis of impedance, fluorescence microscopy) after 24 h of incubation, and we observed no changes in cell viability and morphology. CDs' in vivo toxicity was assessed on C57Bl6 mice after multiple dosages (5 mg/kg subcutaneously) for 14 days. Lethality (up to 50%) was observed in CDN19 and CD_3011 groups on different days of dosing, accompanied by toxicity signs in case of CD_3011. There were no changes in serum biochemical parameters except Urea (increased in CDF19 and CD_3011 groups), nor substantial kidney, liver, and spleen injuries. The most impactful for all organs were also CD_3011 and CDF19, causing renal tubule injury and liver blood supply violation. Thus, CDs with a surface enriched with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups might be toxic after multiple everyday dosing, without, however, significant damages of internal organs in survived animals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.