ArticleCells2023
Slow Interstitial Fluid Flow Activates TGF-β Signaling and Drives Fibrotic Responses in Human Tenon Fibroblasts.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interstitial fluid flow in an engineered human lymph node stroma model modulates T cell egress and stromal change.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Effects of Verteporfin on Interstitial Fluid Flow-Induced Fibrotic Transdifferentiation of Human Tenon Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The mechanotransduction-immune axis in organ fibrosis: dual regulatory mechanisms and translational therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFibrosis limits the success of filtering glaucoma surgery. We employed 2D and 3D in vitro models to assess the effects of fluid flow on human tenon fibroblasts (HTF).
methodsHTF were exposed to continuous or pulsatile fluid flow for 48 or 72 h, at rates expected at the transscleral outflow site after filtering surgery. In the 2D model, the F-actin cytoskeleton and fibronectin 1 (FN1) were visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In the 3D model, mRNA and whole cell lysates were extracted to analyze the expression of fibrosis-associated genes by qPCR and Western blot. The effects of a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor ALK5 were studied.
resultsSlow, continuous fluid flow induced fibrotic responses in the 2D and 3D models. It elicited changes in cell shape, the F-actin cytoskeleton, the deposition of FN1 and activated the intracellular TGF-β signaling pathway to induce expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as
conclusionsSlow interstitial fluid flow is sufficient to induce fibrosis, could underlie the intractable nature of fibrosis following filtering glaucoma surgery and might be a target for antifibrotic therapy.
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Registered trials
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