ArticleBreast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)2023
Glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond conventional therapies: the evolution of targeted agents and immunotherapies in triple-negative breast cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Deciphering glutamine metabolic reprogramming: a novel therapeutic target ALDH18A1 in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Boronic Acid-Based Glutamine Analog Forms a Covalent Adduct with Kidney-Type Glutaminase and Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Reprogramming of nitrogen metabolism in tumors: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Metabolic Vulnerabilities as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Emerging Protein Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Beyond Conventional Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- A histone-centric multi-omics study shows that increased H3K4 methylation sustains triple-negative breast cancer phenotypes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Amino acid metabolism in breast cancer: pathogenic drivers and therapeutic opportunities.Protein & cell · 2025Review
- Glutamate promotes triple-negative breast cancer development through IRE1α/XBP1-mediated macrophage polarization: mechanism insights and therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor growth is mediated in part by glutamine, and glutaminase is an enzyme necessary for glutamine catabolism. We studied glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer to determine correlations with clinical and tumor characteristics, and gene associations in publicly available databases. A better understanding of glutaminase gene expression may help guide further exploration of glutaminase inhibitors in breast cancer.
methodsGLS1 mRNA levels were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 817) and METABRIC (n = 1992) datasets. Associations between GLS1 and tumor subtype (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test for pairwise comparisons) and selected genes involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (Pearson's correlations) were determined in both datasets. In METABRIC, associations with overall survival (Cox proportional hazard model) were determined. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance.
resultsGLS1 expression was significantly higher in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) than hormone receptor (HR) +/HER2- and HER2+ breast cancer (p < 0.001) and basal versus luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 enriched breast cancer (p < 0.001) in both datasets. In METABRIC, higher GLS1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97, p = 0.005) and this association remained significant in the TNBC subset (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98, p = 0.032). GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune, proliferative, and basal genes, and inverse correlations with luminal genes and genes involved in metabolism.
conclusionGLS1 expression is highest in TNBC and basal breast cancer, supporting ongoing clinical investigation of GLS1 inhibition in TNBC. GLS1 may have prognostic implications but further research is needed to validate this finding. GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune genes, which may have implications for potential combinations of glutaminase inhibition and immunotherapy.
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