ArticleJCI insight2023
Evidence of a Sjögren's disease-like phenotype following COVID-19 in mice and humans.
Article in JCI insight, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Viral Immunity in Immunoglobulin Products: Global Immunity Debt and Autoimmunity in the Postpandemic Era.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces salivary gland dysfunction and immune infiltration in C57BL/6 mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of salivary glands compromises the production of a secreted antifungal peptide with potential implications for development of oral candidiasis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- [Update on Sjögren's syndrome : Diagnostics, treatment, and challenges].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Article
- Salivary Glands and Viral Pathogenesis.Journal of dental research · 2024Review
- Immune and non-immune mediators in the fibrosis pathogenesis of salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Enterovirus A71 infection-induced dry eye-like symptoms by damaging the lacrimal glands.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Review
- Evaluation and management of dry mouth and its complications in rheumatology practice.Expert review of clinical immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands (SG), dry eyes and mouth, and systemic symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 may trigger the development or progression of autoimmune diseases. To test this, we used a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and convalescent patients' blood and SG in order to understand the development of SjD-like autoimmunity after infection. First, SARS-CoV-2-infected human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice exhibited decreased salivation, elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and lymphocytic infiltration in the lacrimal and SG. The sera from patients with COVID-19 sera showed increased ANA (i.e., anti-SSA [Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A]/anti-Ro52 and anti-SSB [SS-antigen B]/anti-La). Male patients showed elevated anti-SSA compared with female patients, and female patients exhibited diverse ANA patterns. SG biopsies from convalescent COVID-19 patients were microscopically similar to SjD SG with focal lymphocytic infiltrates in 4 of 6 patients and 2 of 6 patients exhibiting focus scores of at least 2. Lastly, monoclonal antibodies produced in recovered patients blocked ACE2/spike interaction and cross-reacted with nuclear antigens. Our study shows a direct association between SARS-CoV-2 and SjD. Hallmark features of SjD-affected SGs were histologically indistinguishable from convalescent COVID-19 patients. The results implicate that SARS-CoV-2 could be an environmental trigger for SjD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.