ReviewIntensive care medicine2023
Sex and gender differences in intensive care medicine.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preoperative patient risk factors for intraoperative hypotension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trans-ancestry analysis in over 799,000 individuals yields new insights into the genetic etiology of colorectal cancer.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of a tailored nutrition intervention delivered for the duration of hospitalisation on daily energy delivery for patients with critical illness (INTENT): a phase II randomised controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- State-of-the-art review: ß-blockade in critical illness.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Rehabilitation and the post-intensive care syndrome across the recovery continuum: a narrative review.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Biological sex and its influence on delirium in adult ICU patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BJA open · 2026Article
- Modelling the number of ICU beds, ICU length of stay, and ICU admission rates in Australia and New Zealand through to 2040: The PrognostICate Study.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Sex differences in blood pressure variability during critical illness: a retrospective cohort study.Open heart · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-dependent heterogeneity during LPS-induced murine acute lung injury.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Willingness and Ability to Pay for Critical Care Treatment for Non-COVID Illness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in India.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond consensus: operationalizing gender equity and equality in intensive care medicine.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Interpreting sex differences in outcomes after critical illness.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- The predicted body weight equation overestimates lung sizes of female, critically ill patients: an analysis of randomized, controlled trials and real-world clinical data.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Timing matters: sex differences in treatment limitation decisions in intensive care.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on outcomes in critically ill patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a secondary analysis of a French prospective cohort study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- A cumulative-morbidity plasma proteomic architecture of critical-illness susceptibility: a UK biobank proteome-wide study of critical-care exposure, in-hospital death, and sex-specific signals.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- Admission Biomarkers as Predictors of Mortality in Comatose Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictive accuracy of SIRS, MEWS, and NEWS for intensive care unit admission to patients with stone-induced obstructive pyelonephritis: a retrospective cohort study.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Differential disease tolerance mediates sex-biased illness severity in sepsis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Monitored Acute Care Unit Admissions in Older Adults: 10-Year Retrospective Analysis.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in critical care medicine, limited attention has been given to sex and gender disparities in management and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). While "sex" pertains to biological and physiological characteristics, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes and sex hormones, "gender" refers more to sociocultural roles and human behavior. Unfortunately, data on gender-related topics in the ICU are lacking. Consequently, data on sex and gender-related differences in admission to the ICU, clinical course, length of stay, mortality, and post-ICU burdens, are often inconsistent. Moreover, when examining specific diagnoses in the ICU, variations can be observed in epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, severity, and treatment response due to the distinct impact of sex hormones on the immune and cardiovascular systems. In this narrative review, we highlight the influence of sex and gender on the clinical course, management, and outcomes of the most encountered intensive care conditions, in addition to the potential co-existence of unconscious biases which may also impact critical illness. Diagnoses with a known sex predilection will be discussed within the context of underlying sex differences in physiology, anatomy, and pharmacology with the goal of identifying areas where clinical improvement is needed. To optimize patient care and outcomes, it is crucial to comprehend and address sex and gender differences in the ICU setting and personalize management accordingly to ensure equitable, patient-centered care. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving sex and gender disparities, as well as exploring targeted interventions to mitigate these disparities and improve outcomes for all critically ill patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.