Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37676246›Full record

ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2024

Pro-inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19-related persistent olfactory dysfunction.

Sophie S Jang, Kwang S Pak, Allyssa Strom, Leslie Gomez, Kyubo Kim, Taylor A Doherty, Adam S DeConde, Allen F Ryan, Carol H Yan

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sophie S JangDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Kwang S PakDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Allyssa StromDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Leslie GomezDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Kyubo KimDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Taylor A DohertyDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Adam S DeCondeDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Allen F RyanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Carol H YanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1934-4922
University of California San Diego · USLa Jolla Institute for Immunology · US

Funding

Mentoring patient-oriented researchers in inflammatory airway diseaseK24AI171795 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI TAYLOR A DOHERTY · 2022 to 2026
$968k
Elucidating Olfactory Epithelial Anti-Viral Responses in Persistent Post-Viral Olfactory DysfunctionK08DC019956 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Carol H Yan · 2022 to 2026
$959k
Targeting pathogenic innate lymphoid cells in airway diseaseI01BX005073 · VA · VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI TAYLOR A DOHERTY · 2021 to 2026
–
BLRD VA I01 BX005073NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI171795NIDCD NIH HHS K08 DC019956NIDCD NIH HHS K08DC019956NIH HHS AI171795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWhile localized inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) olfactory dysfunction (OD), persistent COVID-19 OD remains poorly understood with limited therapeutics. Our prospective study evaluated olfactory cleft (OC) biomarkers as predictors of persistent OD in mucus sampling.

methodsCOVID-19 subjects with persistent OD >3 months confirmed by psychophysical olfaction tests were compared to COVID-19 subjects with no OD and those with no prior infection. OC mucus samples were evaluated for 13 anti-viral and inflammatory biomarkers. Cohorts were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney tests with multi-comparison adjustment. Viral RNA was assessed through RT-PCR using the COVID-19 N2 primer.

resultsThirty-five samples were collected (20 COVID persistent OD, 8 COVID no OD, and 7 non-COVID no OD). Significant differences in IFN-λ1 (p = 0.007) and IFN-γ (p = 0.006) expression in OC mucus were found across all three groups, with the highest cytokine concentrations corresponding to COVID OD. IFN-α2 levels were elevated in COVID OD versus no OD (p = 0.026). Mean IFN-γ levels were the highest in COVID OD, but there were higher levels found in COVID no OD compared to non-COVID no OD (p = 0.008). No difference was seen in IL6. No N2 gene expression was detected in all cohorts.

conclusionIFN pathway cytokines were found elevated in the olfactory microenvironment of COVID-19 persistent OD compared to those with no OD and no prior history of COVID-19 infection.

Indexed as

COVID-19Olfaction DisordersBiomarkersCytokinesHumansProspective StudiesSmellBiomarkersCytokinesCOVID‐19long haulersmucusolfactory dysfunctionpersistent smell losspro‐inflammatory

Identifiers

PMID37676246
PMCPMC10918027
OpenAlexW4386496802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.