ArticleJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association2023
Comparative Assessment of Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates From 24-Hour Recall and Since Birth Methods in Southwestern Pennsylvania Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.
Article in Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- A mixed-methods investigation of infant and young child feeding practices in rural Ethiopia: integrating insights from surveys, direct observation, and qualitative research.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Measurement - Considerations When Measuring Exclusive Breastfeeding.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccurate measurement of exclusive breastfeeding is important in maternal and child health research. Exclusive breastfeeding is often measured using the 24-hour recall or the since birth method for the first 6 months. These methods can produce different estimates, introducing problems in interpreting breastfeeding behavior and making accurate comparisons across settings or countries. RESEARCH
aimOur aim was to compare the exclusive breastfeeding rates between the 24-hour recall and since birth methods among a diverse cohort of birthing people using the ecological momentary assessments method. In addition, we compared the exclusive breastfeeding rates between the two methods across race and other maternal characteristics.
methodsThis study is a secondary analysis using data from the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS), a prospective longitudinal study which recruited participants during pregnancy and followed them for 12 months after delivery. Participants completed surveys in real-time via ecological momentary assessment. Individual exclusive breastfeeding rates from months 1-6 were computed using 24-hour recall and since birth methods for 284 participants. We calculated the percentage point difference between the two methods across child age and maternal characteristics. We used a two-sample test of proportions to determine if the differences observed in the proportions were significant.
resultsExclusive breastfeeding rates from the 24-hour recall were higher than the since birth rates across all ages and maternal characteristics. The difference between the two methods at 3 months was 25.7 percentage points and at 6 months was a 17.2 percentage points. Irrespective of the method used to measure exclusive breastfeeding, White participants had higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than Black participants.
conclusionThe 24-hour recall and the since birth methods of assessing exclusive breastfeeding provided substantially different estimates. These findings highlight the importance of specificity in measuring and reporting exclusive breastfeeding.
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