Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37675163›Full record

Observational studyJournal of medicine and life2023

COVID-19 in patients with rheumatological diseases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Safi Alqatari, Ameera Nemer, Manal Hasan, Raed Bukhari, Reem Al Argan, Dania Al Khafaji, Abrar Alwaheed, Alaa Alzaki, Marwan Al-Wazza, Sara Al Warthan and 5 more

Open access · diamondAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of medicine and life, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Safi AlqatariDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Ameera NemerDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Manal HasanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Raed BukhariDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Reem Al ArganDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Dania Al KhafajiDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Abrar AlwaheedDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa AlzakiDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Marwan Al-WazzaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Sara Al WarthanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Abir Al SaeedDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Feda AlbeladiDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Hashim AlmeerDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Reem AlSulaimanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Abu QurenDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University · SAKing Fahd Hospital of the University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The severity of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its effects remain unpredictable. Certain factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, may increase the severity of the disease. Rheumatology experts suggest that patients with active autoimmune conditions and controlled autoimmune diseases on immunosuppressive therapy may be at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to examine the patterns of COVID-19 in patients with underlying rheumatological diseases and their association with disease severity and hospital outcomes. A total of 34 patients with underlying rheumatological diseases who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included between March 2020 and April 2021 at King Fahd Hospital of the University. The study population consisted of 76.47% female and 23.53% male patients, with a mean age ranging from 20 to 40 years. Female gender (p=0.0001) and younger age (p=0.004) were associated with milder disease. The most frequent rheumatological disease was systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (38.24%), which was associated with a milder infection (p=0.045). Patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) had a milder disease course (p=0.0037). Hypertension was significantly associated with severe COVID-19 disease (p=0.037). There was no significant relationship between SLE and the need for ICU admission. Patients on hydroxychloroquine and MMF tended to develop milder disease, and there was no association between the severity of the infection and the treatment with steroids.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesCOVID-19Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypertensionLupus Erythematosus, SystemicRheumatic DiseasesAdultFemaleHumansMaleMycophenolic AcidSARS-CoV-2Saudi ArabiaYoung AdultMycophenolic AcidACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2ANA: Antinuclear antibodyAOR: Adjusted odds ratioARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndromeAT2: Type 2 alveolar cellsAZA: AzathioprineBMI: Body mass indexCI: Confidence intervalsCK: Creatine kinaseCKD: Chronic kidney diseaseCOPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019COVID-19 infectionCRP: C-reactive proteinCT: Computed tomography scanCTD: Connective tissue diseasedisease outcomedisease severityDMARDs: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugsDM: Diabetes mellitusESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rateGI: GastrointestinalGPA: Granulomatosis with polyangiitisHCQ: HydroxychloroquineICU: Intensive Care UnitIFN: InterferonILD: Interstitial lung diseaseIL: InterleukinIQR: Interquartile rangeLDH: Lactate dehydrogenaseLOH: Length of hospitalizationMMF: Mycophenolate mofetilmortalityMTX: MethotrexateORs: Odds ratiosPAN: Polyarteritis nodosaPsA: Psoriatic arthritisRA: Rheumatoid arthritisrheumatological diseaseSARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2SD: Standard deviationsSLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity IndexSLE: Systemic lupus erythematosusSpO2: Oxygen saturationTNF inhibitor: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitorWHO: World Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID37675163
PMCPMC10478665
OpenAlexW4386504082

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.