ReviewHeliyon2023
Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and a prominent T2 endotype.
Review in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on T-cell responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Responses of Nasal Polyp-Derived Macrophages to Inflammatory Cues and Potential Pathological Roles in Type 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- The Use of Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Current State of Knowledge.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Tezepelumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Pathophysiology, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Baseline Inflammatory Biomarkers and Disease Burden for Predicting Response to Stapokibart in CRSwNP.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- CRSwNP-derived cells retain native disease-relevant characteristics in vitro.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Immune-inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: from epithelial alarmins to personalized therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: From IL-5-Driven Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Clinical Management in the Italian Clinical Setting.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Development and internal validation of a nomogram and machine-learning models for postoperative recurrence in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- [Progress and prospects of anti-IL-4/IL-13 monoclonal antibody treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Navigating challenges in management of difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in the greater Gulf.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- Review
- ARIA-Italy multidisciplinary consensus on nasal polyposis and biological treatments: Update 2025.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Review
- A multidisciplinary Delphi consensus on budesonide aqueous nasal spray in managing upper respiratory diseases.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- The sneeze reflex in physiological and pathological states: a mini review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Distinct and Shared Molecular Mechanisms in Pediatric Antrochoanal Polyps and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Proteomic and Metabolomic Integrative Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Aggravates Disease Severity and the Risk of Postoperative Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Combined corticosteroid therapy enhances outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a prospective cohort study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes and exploration of their relationship with disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Asia Pacific allergy · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review Exploring Allergic Rhinitis With Nasal Polyps: Mechanisms, Management, and Emerging Therapies.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogenous and multifactorial disease, characterized by persistent inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which causes nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, and smell disturbance. Chronic rhinosinusitis is divided into two phenotypes: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp. Nasal polyps can be associated with many inflammatory cells including eosinophil cells, neutrophil cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. T2 endotype is characterized by the type-2 immune response and nasal polyps are associated with eosinophilic dominant infiltration. In contrast, in the T1 and T3 endotypes, chronic rhinosinusitis can be associated with neutrophilic dominant infiltration. In addition, there are mixed types of inflammation with different proportions of eosinophils-neutrophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. In the T2 endotype, there is an increase in the production of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13, high levels of immunoglobulin-E in polyp tissue, and eosinophilia. Stimulation of Th2 cells, type-2 innate lymphoid cells, epithelial cell damage, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, and autoimmune antibodies have important roles in the enhancement of Th2 cytokines and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Monoclonal antibodies target type-2 inflammation, decrease nasal polyp size, and improve the clinical symptoms of CRSwNP patients. The present review will focus on factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and its treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.