ArticleHealth science reports2023
Non-spinal low back pain: Global epidemiology, trends, and risk factors.
Article in Health science reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Analysis of Cryotherapy Combined With Bowen Therapy Versus Medical Massage for Managing Acute Ankle Sprain
Investigation of the Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Back School Program on Pain, Functionality, and Kinesiophobia
Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training With Moderate-Intensity Connuous Training In Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients: Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-intensity versus low-intensity laser acupuncture in chronic, non-specific low back pain: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Effect of High-Intensity Laser Acupuncture on Muscle Performance, Pain, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Trial
- The impact of core training combined with breathing exercises on individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Article
- Prevalence of non-spinal pathology and red flag diagnoses associated with care seeking for low back pain in the Military Health System.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chronic lower back pain and its impact on health-related quality of life among undergraduates of Gulu University, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularization of porcine annulus fibrosus for regenerative medicine.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Article
- [Whole-body cryotherapy for low back pain].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of Urdu Version of Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire in Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- A Kinematic Analysis of Automatic Postural Responses during Predicted and Unpredicted Postural Perturbations in People with Low Back Pain.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of High-Intensity Laser Acupuncture on Muscle Performance, Pain, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial [Letter].Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Viewing low back pain through the lens of spinal evolution: Understanding the morphology and limits of the human spine.PloS one · 2026Article
- Burden and Trends of Low Back Pain in Pakistan: A Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2021.Cureus · 2025Article
- Ablation of VEGFA following a lumbar intervertebral disc injury attenuates intradiscal neurovascular features and prevents chronic low back pain symptoms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Association Between Female Breast Size, Backache, and Quality of Life in Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Lower Back Pain (LBP) and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Alfaisal University Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence, predisposing factors, and turnover intention related to low back pain among health workers in Accra, Ghana.PloS one · 2025Article
- Chronic Low Back Pain: History, Symptoms, Pain Mechanisms, and Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most debilitating and prevalent disorders. The prevalence of LBP ranges from 30% to 80%, depending on the population, and increases with age. Causes of LBP are typically classified as spinal and non-spinal. The main goal of this study was to investigate the non-spinal causes of LBP, since neglecting these factors leads to increases in the financial, psychological, and physical burden of LBP on individuals as well as on society. Methods: The data were extracted after searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine up to October 27, 2021. We included all studies that were conducted on a human population and assessed the effects of epidemiological, biological, psychological, and sociodemographic factors on the incidence or progression of LBP. Results: The most common causes of non-spinal LBP were diseases such as nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, and conditions like psychological disorders and pregnancy. Nevertheless, the perceived intensity of the pain can be affected by factors such as socioeconomic level, genetics, age, habits, diet, and psychological status. Conclusion: The epidemiology, etiologies, and risk factors associated with LBP should be more clearly recognized to better prevent, diagnose, and treat the underlying disease and to reduce the burden of LBP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.