Effect of hydrogen peroxide and its combination with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-bioactive glass on the enamel demineralization and tooth color: An

Elham Kheradmand, Alirea Daneshkazemi, Abdolrahim Davari, Maede Kave, Solmaz Ghanbarnejad

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Dental research journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Elham KheradmandDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Alirea DaneshkazemiDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Abdolrahim DavariDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Maede KaveDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Solmaz GhanbarnejadDepartment of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University Tehran Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · IRShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services · IRIslamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Patient demand for esthetic dental treatments is increasing, and among different techniques, tooth bleaching is a popular procedure for smile improvement. There is a controversy over the demineralizing effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) containing bleaching agents on tooth enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HP and its combinations with hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass (BG) on enamel demineralization and tooth color changes. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 20 teeth were used. Bleaching regimens included HP alone, HP + HA, and HP + BG. Bleaching was repeated at six periods of 15 min. Energy dispersive spectrometry was performed to evaluate calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, and fluoride content of superficial enamel before and after bleaching. Tooth color was evaluated by spectrophotometer before and after bleaching and ΔE values were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Ca and P content was increased significantly in group HP + BG ( Conclusion: Addition of BG to HP can increase superficial enamel mineral content after bleaching and has no effect on tooth color changes in comparison to HP alone.

Indexed as

Bioglasshydrogen peroxidehydroxyapatitestooth bleaching

Identifiers

PMID37674573

PMCPMC10478839

OpenAlexW4385223563

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-SA

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.