ArticleNature communications2023
The mutational landscape of the adult healthy parous and nulliparous human breast.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individualised progesterone receptor modulator prevention strategies for triple-negative breast cancer in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Observational
- Beyond the chaos: How architecture structures tumour biology.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Quantifying rate-limiting genetic variation in breast and ovarian tumourigenesis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Field cancerization, accelerated aging, and immunosuppression: the rapid rise of hormone-sensitive and early-onset breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Environmental endocrine disruptors: rethinking the origins of early-onset ERNature reviews. Cancer · 2025Article
- Association of reproductive and menstrual factors with the risk of breast cancer in women: a population-based study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- 3D Bioprinted Neural Tissues: Emerging Strategies for Regeneration and Disease Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Landscape of human protein-coding somatic mutations across tissues and individuals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Molecular Basis of Breast Tumor Heterogeneity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Redefining "normal": discovery of aneuploid epithelial cells in healthy breast tissue.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Genomes and epigenomes of matched normal and tumor breast tissue reveal diverse evolutionary trajectories and tumor-host interactions.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- Luminal breast epithelial cells of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and noncarriers harbor common breast cancer copy number alterations.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Understanding the Rising Breast Cancer Among Young Women: Biological Insights, Projections, and an Opportunity Window Leading up to 2040.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The accumulation of somatic mutations in healthy human tissues has been extensively characterized, but the mutational landscape of the healthy breast is still poorly understood. Our analysis of whole-genome sequencing shows that in line with other healthy organs, the healthy breast during the reproduction years accumulates mutations with age, with the rate of accumulation in the epithelium of 15.24 ± 5 mutations/year. Both epithelial and stromal compartments contain mutations in breast-specific driver genes, indicative of subsequent positive selection. Parity- and age-associated differences are evident in the mammary epithelium, partly explaining the observed difference in breast cancer risk amongst women of different childbearing age. Parity is associated with an age-dependent increase in the clone size of mutated epithelial cells, suggesting that older first-time mothers have a higher probability of accumulating oncogenic events in the epithelium compared to younger mothers or nulliparous women. In conclusion, we describe the reference genome of the healthy female human breast during reproductive years and provide evidence of how parity affects the genomic landscape of the mammary gland.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.