ArticlePediatric pulmonology2023
Association of rhinovirus and potentially pathogenic bacterial detections in the first 3 months of life with subsequent wheezing in childhood.
Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Reduced Type-I Interferon by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Asthma in School-Aged Children.Allergy · 2026Article
- Relationship between pediatric asthma and respiratory microbiota, intestinal microbiota: a narrative review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Association of rhinovirus and potentially pathogenic bacterial detections in the first 3 months of life with subsequent wheezing in childhood.Pediatric pulmonology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAirway interactions between viruses, especially rhinoviruses, and potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) in early infancy may increase the risk of subsequent wheezing and asthma. We evaluated the association between rhinovirus and PPB in the first 3 months of life and wheezing episodes before age 2 years and asthma at age 5-7 years.
methodsAn Australian community-based birth cohort of healthy children involved parents collecting nasal swabs weekly and completing symptom diaries daily until age 2 years. In a follow-up subset, asthma diagnosis was assessed annually until age 7 years. Swabs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Children were included if they returned symptom diaries beyond age 3 months (wheeze) or were reviewed at age 5-7 years (asthma).
results1440 swabs were returned by 146 children in the first 3 months of life. Wheeze and asthma outcomes were recorded for 146 and 84 children, respectively. Each additional week of rhinovirus detection increased the incidence of wheezing before age 2 years by 1.16 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.35). There were no significant associations between bacteria and wheeze. Each additional week with H. influenzae increased the odds of asthma at age 5-7 years by 135% (odds ratio: 2.35, 95% CI: 0.99-5.58). No significant interaction was observed between rhinovirus and PPB for wheezing or asthma.
conclusionEarly life rhinovirus infection was associated with wheezing before age 2 years and H. influenzae with asthma by age 5-7 years. Microbes may play an etiologic role in wheezing and asthma, warranting further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.