ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2023
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community antibiotic consumption in the EU/European Economic Area: a changepoint analysis.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Paediatric outpatient antibiotic utilization patterns and use of healthcare services before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time series analysis using data from Norway and Japan.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outcomes of a Multifaceted Program on Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care Among Children Under Three Years of Age.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trends in Medication Use Among Young Adults and the Covid-19 Pandemic Effect.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, Resistance Mechanisms, and Antibiotic Consumption in COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 Units: A Seven-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends in medication use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial usage: an international patient-level cohort study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Rebound of Antibiotic Use and Respiratory Infections After Resumption of Normalcy From COVID-19 in Hong Kong.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Article
- Community antibiotic consumption in the European Union/European economic area: late-pandemic rebound and seasonality analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA decrease in community antibiotic consumption in Europe has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of this decrease, how fast after the outbreak it occurred, whether it was sustained during the pandemic and whether the seasonal variation in antibiotic consumption was affected, have not yet been evaluated in detail.
methodsData on community antibiotic consumption were available from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network for 28 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries between 2010 and 2021. Antibiotic consumption was expressed as DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). The impact of the pandemic on antibiotic consumption was investigated using descriptive statistics and non-linear mixed changepoint models for quarterly and yearly data.
resultsThe decrease in overall antibiotic consumption between 2019 and 2020 (-3.4 DID; -18.6%) was mainly due to a decrease in the consumption of penicillins [Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code J01C] (-1.9 DID; -23.0%), other β-lactam antibacterials (J01D) (-0.6 DID; -25.8%) and macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F) (-0.5 DID; -17.4%) and was sustained during 2021. The changepoint analysis of yearly data (28 countries) estimated a decrease of 3.3 DID in overall antibiotic consumption (J01) between 2019 and 2020. The analysis of quarterly data (16 countries) estimated a decrease in overall antibiotic consumption (J01) of 4.0 DID and a decrease in seasonal variation of 1.2 DID between the first and second quarters of 2020.
conclusionsThe changepoint analysis indicated a significant, sudden and steep decrease in community antibiotic consumption in the EU/EEA immediately after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in Europe, as well as a decrease in its seasonal variation.
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