SynthesisBiology of sex differences2023
Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training.
Synthesis in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Effects of Physical Activity and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Multi‑omics approaches to decipher the molecular mechanisms of exercise‑mediated bone protection: From mechanistic insights to personalized exercise prescription (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Acute capillary blood DNA methylation responses to swimming exercise in high-performance male and female swimmers.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Vigorous Physical Activity Mitigates Susceptibility to Obesity Associated with Risk Genotypes ofEpigenomes · 2026Article
- Translational Lifestyle Medicine Approaches to Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Integrated fibre-specific methylome and proteome profiling of human skeletal muscle across males and females with fibre-type deconvolution.Skeletal muscle · 2025Article
- A characterization of dynamic resistance training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations in hypertensive rats.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in resting skeletal muscle and the acute and long-term response to endurance exercise in individuals with overweight and obesity.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Organ Specificity and Commonality of Epigenetic Aging in Low- and High-Running Capacity Rats.Aging cell · 2025Observational
- Sirt2 deficiency aggravates intramuscular adipose tissue infiltration and impairs myogenesis with aging in male mice.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in skeletal muscle metabolism in exercise and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Circulating lipocalin-2 across the adult lifespan.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Review
- Methylome-proteome integration after late-life voluntary exercise training reveals regulation and target information for improved skeletal muscle health.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- DNA methylation of exercise-responsive genes differs between trained and untrained men.BMC biology · 2024Article
- DNA Methylation in the Adaptive Response to Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Effects of chronic alcohol intoxication on aerobic exercise-induced adaptations in female mice.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Exercise-induced BDNF promotes PPARδ-dependent reprogramming of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise recovery.Science signaling · 2024Article
- Remodeling of the human skeletal muscle proteome found after long-term endurance training but not after strength training.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExercise training elicits changes in muscle physiology, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, with males and females exhibiting differing physiological responses to exercise training. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the differing adaptations between the sexes are poorly understood.
methodsWe performed a meta-analysis for sex differences in skeletal muscle DNA methylation following an endurance training intervention (Gene SMART cohort and E-MTAB-11282 cohort). We investigated for sex differences in the skeletal muscle proteome following an endurance training intervention (Gene SMART cohort). Lastly, we investigated whether the methylome and proteome are associated with baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption; VO
resultsHere, we investigated for the first time, DNA methylome and proteome sex differences in response to exercise training in human skeletal muscle (n = 78; 50 males, 28 females). We identified 92 DNA methylation sites (CpGs) associated with exercise training; however, no CpGs changed in a sex-dependent manner. In contrast, we identified 189 proteins that are differentially expressed between the sexes following training, with 82 proteins differentially expressed between the sexes at baseline. Proteins showing the most robust sex-specific response to exercise include SIRT3, MRPL41, and MBP. Irrespective of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with robust methylome changes (19,257 CpGs) and no proteomic changes. We did not observe sex differences in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the DNA methylome. Integrative multi-omic analysis identified sex-specific mitochondrial metabolism pathways associated with exercise responses. Lastly, exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness shifted the DNA methylomes to be more similar between the sexes.
conclusionsWe identified sex differences in protein expression changes, but not DNA methylation changes, following an endurance exercise training intervention; whereas we identified no sex differences in the DNA methylome or proteome response to lifelong training. Given the delicate interaction between sex and training as well as the limitations of the current study, more studies are required to elucidate whether there is a sex-specific training effect on the DNA methylome. We found that genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism pathways are differentially modulated between the sexes following endurance exercise training. These results shed light on sex differences in molecular adaptations to exercise training in skeletal muscle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.