ArticleBMC public health2023
Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality associated with individual and combined cardiometabolic risk factors.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discriminatory Capacity of Anthropometric Indicators and Physical Fitness Tests for Identifying Waist-to-Height Ratio-Defined Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents According to Sex and Biological Maturity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Regional cerebral arterial elasticity is associated with cardiovascular health in cognitively healthy older adults.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- [Buffering effect of intensive lipid lowering on mortality risk in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and challenging glycemic management: a cohort study based on dual metabolic trajectories].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Beyond the chalkboard: overnutrition and cardiometabolic health among high school teachers in a semi-urban community in Southwestern Nigeria.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- TyG Index and Frailty as Composite Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Mortality Across CKM Stages 0-3.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general US adult population.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Population estimates, trends, characteristics and prognostic outcomes of cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic health: A population-based study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- The relationship between social risk profile of middle-aged and older adults in the united States and circadian syndrome and all-cause mortality: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender-Specific Population Attributable Fractions for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Associated with Living Arrangement in Community-Dwelling Older People.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Waist-to-Height Ratio, Waist Circumference, and Body Mass Index in Relation to Full Cardiometabolic Risk in an Adult Population from Medellin, Colombia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- SNAP Participation as a Moderator of Food and Nutrition Security and Combined Cardiometabolic Conditions: A Mixed Regression Approach.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Real-World Long-Term Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Elderly Patients.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Advancing early detection of organ damage and cardiovascular risk prevention: the Suzhou cardiometabolic health study protocol - exploring the role of oral microbiome and metabolic profiling in risk stratification.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Patient-specific multifactorial mortality risk assessment using classification and regression tree analysis in the context of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol is L-shaped associated with all-cause mortality and U-shaped with cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Combined association of physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Muscle Mass Adjusted by Body Height is not Correlated with Mobility of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have investigated the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but evidence of the attributable burden of individual and combined cardiometabolic risk factors for CVD and mortality is limited. We aimed to investigate and quantify the associations and population attributable fraction (PAF) of cardiometabolic risk factors on CVD and all-cause mortality, and calculate the loss of CVD-free years and years of life lost in relation to the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors.
methodsTwenty-two thousand five hundred ninety-six participants aged ≥ 35 without CVD at baseline were included between October 2012 and December 2015. The outcomes were the composite of fatal and nonfatal CVD events and all-cause mortality, which were followed up in 2018 and 2019 and ascertained by hospital records and death certificates. Cox regression was applied to evaluate the association of individual and combined cardiometabolic risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) with CVD risk and all-cause mortality. We also described the PAF for CVD and reductions in CVD-free years and life expectancy associated with different combination of cardiometabolic conditions.
resultsDuring the 4.92 years of follow-up, we detected 991 CVD events and 1126 deaths. Hazard ratio were 1.59 (95% confidential interval (CI) 1.37-1.85), 1.82 (95%CI 1.49-2.24) and 2.97 (95%CI 1.85-4.75) for CVD and 1.38 (95%CI 1.20-1.58), 1.66 (95%CI 1.37-2.02) and 2.97 (95%CI 1.88-4.69) for all-cause mortality, respectively, in participants with one, two or three cardiometabolic risk factors compared with participants without diabetes, hypertension, and high LDL-C. 21.48% of CVD and 15.38% of all-cause mortality were attributable to the combined effect of diabetes and hypertension. Participants aged between 40 and 60 years old, with three cardiometabolic disorders, had approximately 4.3-year reductions life expectancy compared with participants without any abnormalities of cardiometabolic disorders.
conclusionsCardiometabolic risk factors were associated with a multiplicative risk of CVD incidence and all-cause mortality, highlighting the importance of comprehensive management for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in the prevention of CVD.
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