SynthesisJournal of general internal medicine2023
Defining Speaking Up in the Healthcare System: a Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of general internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Classification of influencing factors of speaking-up behaviour in hospitals: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Factors Associated With Second Victim Experiences and Outcomes Among Clinical Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.Research in nursing & health · 2026Article
- 'If You Don't Speak Up, It Will Eat You Up': A Critical Discourse Analysis of Voice and Silence in a Multicultural Clinical Healthcare System.Nursing inquiry · 2026Article
- A meta-ethnography of staff experiences of raising concerns about quality and safety in residential aged care.The Gerontologist · 2026Review
- Speaking up or staying silent? Confidence, barriers and institutional readiness among Syrian medical and dental students: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Enlightened Change Agents or Nuisance Power? A Qualitative Interview Study Exploring How Hospital Board Members Deal with Dissenting Opinions.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- The relationship between nurses' speaking up about patient safety and nursing work environment in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Belitung nursing journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Patient safety and the second victim phenomenon in nursing and medical curricula: A qualitative study.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- The relationship between professional moral courage and patient safety silence among nurses.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Beyond the individual: a qualitative case study into the systemic determinants of speaking-up behaviour in multidisciplinary team meetings.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- "Saying No Without Saying No": An Organizational Case Study on Assertive Communication Practices Among Nursing Workforce in Saudi Arabia.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Why Do We Fail at Reducing Medical Errors? Assuming Responsibility to Leverage Failure into Improvement.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Promoting Speaking Up Through Interprofessional Identity Triggers in a Mixed-Profession Simulation Scenario: Two Group Double-Blinded Pre-Test-Only Design.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Implementation and survey evaluation of a new safety concern escalation pathway among nursing team members.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Study on Internet News for Patient Safety Campaigns: Focusing on Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing Nursing Students' Willingness to Participate in Patient Safety: The Role of Patient Safety Confidence and Campaign Participation.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommunication issues have been shown to contribute to healthcare errors. For years healthcare professionals have been told to "speak up." What "speak up" means is unclear, as it has been defined and operationalized in many ways. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding definitions and measurements of speaking up in the healthcare system and to develop a single, comprehensive definition and operationalization of the concept.
methodsPubMed, CINAHL, PsychoInfo, and Communication/Mass Media Complete databases were searched from 1999 to 2020. Publications were included if they mentioned speaking up for patient safety or any identified synonyms. Articles that used the term speaking up concerning non-health-related topics were excluded. This systematic review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
resultsA total of 294 articles met the inclusion criteria, yet only 58 articles focused on speaking up. While the most common synonym terms identified were "speak up" and "raise concern," only 43 articles defined speaking up. Accordingly, a modified definition was developed for speaking up-A healthcare professional identifying a concern that might impact patient safety and using his or her voice to raise the concern to someone with the power to address it. DISCUSSION: Speaking up is considered important for patient safety. Yet, there has been a lack of agreement on the definition and operationalization of speaking up. This review demonstrates that speaking up should be reconceptualized to provide a single definition for speaking up in healthcare.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.