ArticleBMJ mental health2023
Understanding the causal relationships of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mental disorders and suicide attempt: a network Mendelian randomisation study.
Article in BMJ mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of ADHD genetic risk with objective and subjective economic wellbeing: evidence from Finnish population-based cohorts.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Psychological Interventions for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in the Context of Neurodiversity: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Utilising genomic association data for causal inference in anorexia nervosa.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Associations of ADHD traits, sleep/circadian factors, depression and quality of life.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Article
- Mediation-adjusted multivariable Mendelian randomisation study identified novel metabolites related to mental health.BMJ mental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifespan neurodevelopmental condition resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. There is evidence that ADHD is associated with other mental disorders, but it remains unclear whether and in what way a causal relationship exists.
objectiveTo investigate the direct and indirect causal paths between ADHD and seven common mental disorders.
methodsTwo-sample network Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed to identify psychiatric disorders causally related to ADHD. Total and direct effects were estimated in an univariable and multivariable setting, respectively. Robustness of results was ensured in three ways: a range of pleiotropy-robust methods, an iterative approach identifying and excluding outliers, and use of up to two genome-wide association studies per outcome to replicate results and calculate subsequently pooled meta-estimates.
resultsGenetic liability to ADHD was independently associated with the risk of anorexia nervosa (OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.47); p=0.001). A bidirectional association was found with major depressive disorder (OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.15); p=0.003 in the forward direction and OR 1.76 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.06); p=4×10
conclusionsThis study suggests that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a number of common psychiatric disorders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in individuals with ADHD needs to be considered both in diagnosis and treatment.
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