SynthesisBMJ open2022
Gender differences of health literacy in persons with a migration background: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating online nutrition information: a scoping review of young adults' source preferences and criteria for credibility and trustworthiness.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender differences in the context of interventions for improving health literacy in migrants: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Patient Expectations, Satisfaction and Perceptions of Specialization in Family Medicine: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Health Literacy Perspective in Türkiye.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health literacy, perceived stress, and health-related quality of life in Finnish adults: differences by chronic disease burden.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Epilepsy Knowledge, Attitudes, and First-Aid Practices Among Syrian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of Factors Associated with Health Literacy Among Afghan Refugees in Pakistan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sexual health literacy and sexual and reproductive health service seeking among young people in Türkiye: levels and determining factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The PATHS survey: a participatory-informed, multilingual instrument for assessing tobacco and nicotine-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among people with a migration background in Switzerland.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Gender differences in diabetes knowledge, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk among adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of health literacy regarding unintentional injuries in young children among parents in ethnic regions of Western China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Health literacy related to climate change: a communıty-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Digital Motion Graphics and Animated Media in Health Communication: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Sexual Health Messaging.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Voluntary vitamin D testing: a decade-long study of utilisation patterns and impact on deficiency outcomes in Taiwan.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported and knowledge-based health literacy in Korea using data from KNHANES 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Communication about COVID-19 with urban American Indian and Alaska Native peoples: the role of health literacy, trust, and information source.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Medication Recommendation, Counseling, and Pricing for Nasal Sprays in German Community Pharmacies: A Simulated Patient Investigation.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Health literacy disparities in Thai university students: exploring differences between health science and non-health science disciplines.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Validity of patient-reported information: agreement rate between patient reports and registry data.BMC health services research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate gender differences of health literacy in individuals with a migration background.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. OVID/MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched in March 2018 and July 2020.
settingStudies had to provide health literacy data for adult women and men with a migration background, collected with a standardised instrument, or report results that demonstrated the collection of such data. Health literacy data were extracted from eligible studies or requested from the respective authors. Using a random-effects model, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess standardised mean differences (SMDs) of health literacy in men and women. Two researchers independently assessed risk of bias for each included study using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies.
resultsTwenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. Thereof, 22 studies (8012 female and 5380 male participants) were included in the meta-analyses. In six studies, gender-specific health literacy scores were reported. The authors of additional 15 studies provided their data upon request and for one further study data were available online. Women achieved higher health literacy scores than men: SMD=0.08, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.159, p=0.04, I
conclusionMen with a migration background-while being much less frequently examined-may have lower health literacy than women. As heterogeneity between studies was high and the difference became statistically insignificant when excluding studies with a high risk of bias, this result must be interpreted with caution. There is a paucity of research on the social and relational aspects of gender in relation to health literacy among people with a migration background, especially for men. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018085555.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.