ReviewCureus2023
Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunotherapy: A Promising Breakthrough in Cancer Therapeutics.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic effects of anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Increase Pathological Complete Response in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric insight into neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: trends, collaborations, and future avenues.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Updated Bayesian network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of PD-1 versus PD-L1 inhibitors in first-line treatment with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Repurposing Itraconazole in Combination with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Cancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CD155 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Association with Immune Tumor Microenvironment.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Small molecules targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Distribution and clinical significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte PD-1 and PD-L1 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study in Chinese patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Soil and Seed: Tumor Microenvironment Nurtures Immunotherapy Resistance and Renewal.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in Precision Oncology: From Molecular Profiling to Regulatory-Approved Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Breast Cancer Treatments: Drugs Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway, TNBC Therapy and Future Directions: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment by targeting cytidine deaminase in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors: implications for the role of P2YPurinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Unraveling Resistance in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Milestones, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer promotion, development of drug resistance and cancer treatment.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Cancers: A Review.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- PET-based immunomapping of intratumoral CD4Science advances · 2025Article
- NFATC2/SERPINE1/JAK3/STAT3 signaling feedback loop in gastric cancer: immune evasion and anti-PD-1 resistance.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- An investigation of extended-interval dosing of atezolizumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors: safety and pharmacokinetics of a dose of 1680 mg every 4 weeks.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Anlotinib Plus Docetaxel in Advanced NSCLC Previously Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy by leveraging the body's immune system to combat malignancies effectively. Among these groundbreaking agents, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have emerged as pivotal therapeutic approaches. PD-L1, a key protein expressed on the surface of various cells, including cancer cells, plays a central role in immune regulation by interacting with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T-cells leading to immune suppression. The substantial increase in PD-L1 expression on cancer cell surfaces has driven the exploration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as potential immunotherapeutic agents. These inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies designed to impede the PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction and disrupt the immunosuppressive signal, thereby reinvigorating the anti-tumor immune response mediated by activated T-cells. Clinical trials investigating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of diverse advanced or metastatic cancers, including leukemia, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), hepatocellular, melanoma, gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers, among others. Regulatory approvals have been granted for both monotherapy and combination therapy with other cancer treatments, encompassing chemotherapy and additional immune checkpoint inhibitors. While PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have exhibited significant success, they are not devoid of challenges. The emergence of intrinsic or acquired resistance, as well as immune-related adverse events, warrants thorough investigation and management. Consequently, researchers have embarked on combination trials to augment the therapeutic potential of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and surmount resistance mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.