ArticleOral and maxillofacial surgery2024
Mineralization and morphology of peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded dental implants retrieved from the human mandible.
Article in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone regeneration using aged donor cells and visible light-curable hydrogel: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- Titanium migration and bone response in loaded osseointegrated implants: ESEM-EDX analysis in Macaca fascicularis.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- Early Osseointegration in a Sheep Tibia Model: Correlating Digital Periapical Radiograph Gray-Level and RGB-Derived Metrics with Histologic Tissue Composition.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Histomorphometric Analysis of Osseointegrated Intraosseous Dental Implants Using Undecalcified Specimens: A Scoping Review.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fabrication Strategies for Bioceramic Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering with Generative Design Applications.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeLimited data is reported regarding the bone mineralization around dental implants in the first months from insertion. The study analyzed the peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded implants retrieved from human mandible after 4 months from placement.
methodThe composition and mineralization of human bone were analyzed through an innovative protocol technique using Environmental-Scanning-Electron-Microscopy connected with Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray-Spectroscopy (ESEM/EDX). Two regions of interest (ROIs, approximately 750×500 μm) for each bone implant sample were analyzed at the cortical (Cortical ROI) and apical (Apical ROI) implant threads. Calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen (atomic%) were determined using EDX, and the specific ratios (Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P) were calculated as mineralization indices.
resultsEighteen implant biopsies from ten patients were analyzed (unloaded implants, n=10; loaded implants, n=8). For each ROI, four bone areas (defined bones 1-4) were detected. These areas were characterized by different mineralization degree, varied Ca, P and N content, and different ratios, and by specific grayscale intensity detectable by ESEM images. Bony tissue in contact with loaded implants at the cortical ROI showed a higher percentage of low mineralized bone (bone 1) and a lower percentage of remodeling bone (bone 2) when compared to unloaded implants. The percentage of highly mineralized bone (bone 3) was similar in all groups.
conclusionCortical and apical ROIs resulted in a puzzle of different bone "islands" characterized by various rates of mineralization. Only the loaded implants showed a high rate of mineralization in the cortical ROI.
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