ReviewOncogenesis2023
Biological differences underlying sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer: current synopsis and future directions.
Review in Oncogenesis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Early versus deferred immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma: a review of evidence and post-progression survival.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Socioeconomic disparities in survival of patients with superficial colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- CT-derived tumor extracellular volume fraction for predicting recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis of Nonreproductive Solid Organ Tumors in the United States, 2015 to 2022.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Ethnicity-specific molecular subtypes and a machine-learning risk model in Asian patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TRIM29 is Critical for Bladder Cancer Progression and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Niche.Research square · 2026Article
- LncRNA HMGA2-AS1 promotes postoperative recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by sponging miR-367-3p to activate YAP1.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Cancer Patterns and Barriers to Care Among Socioeconomically Vulnerable Populations in Tripoli: A Descriptive Study from a Local NGO.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Interaction patterns among risk factors for bladder cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes managed in primary care: a retrospective cohort study.BJGP open · 2026Article
- Identification of RNA processing-related gene-based bladder cancer subtypes for prognosis and immune landscape assessment.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Value of Rabbit-Derived 47 kDa Epitope-Based Antibodies as a Detection and Evaluation Method for Bladder Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cancer: Unveiling Parallels in Epidemiology, Clinical Pathways, and Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in gene expression in early-stage bladder cancer revealed by whole-transcriptome sequencing.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Personalized Combination Therapy in Bladder Cancer: cAMP Modulators Synergize with 5-FU and Modulate Redox Programs.Cancers · 2026Article
- Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-oriented colorectal cancer screening: a consensus study from the AIOM- GISEG working group.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer have long been a subject of interest to the cancer research community, wherein men have a 4 times higher incidence rate than women, and female patients often present with higher-grade disease and experience worse outcomes. Despite the known differences in disease incidence and clinical outcomes between male and female bladder cancer patients, clinical management remains the same. In this review, we critically analyze studies that report on the biological differences between men and women and evaluate how these differences contribute to sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer. Distinct characteristics of the male and female immune systems, differences in circulating hormone levels and hormone receptor expression, and different genetic and epigenetic alterations are major biological factors that all likely contribute to disparate incidence rates and outcomes for male and female bladder cancer patients. Future preclinical and clinical studies in this area should employ experimental approaches that account for and consider sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer, thereby facilitating the development of precision medicine for the effective treatment of bladder cancer in all patients.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.