ArticleBMJ global health2023
Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Low-level laser therapy for nipple trauma and pain during breastfeeding: systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Pooled it
- Ambient temperature and exclusive breastfeeding: a nationwide cohort study in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Milk Formulas: Health Risk Assessment Through a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth Trajectories Until 5 Years of Age Among Children Monitored in Primary Health Care in Brazil.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Barriers to breastfeeding and targeted breastfeeding social transfer programs in São Paulo, Brazil: a qualitative study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- LATCH score and 6-month exclusive breastfeeding in a Baby-Friendly Hospital.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Observational
- Review
- The effect of prenatal education on exclusive breastfeeding among women in Quito: prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Marketing violations involving products that compete with breastfeeding in the vicinity of early childhood education centers and health centers: a cross-sectional study based on an audit of the retail food environment, Maceió, 2022-2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Climate change, food insecurity, and the impacts on child health and nutrition in Brazil: proposal for a conceptual model.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Review
- Hospital practices and breastfeeding in Rio de Janeiro: data from the Nascer no Brasil II Survey.Revista de saude publica · 2025Article
- Patterns of complementary feeding introduction and associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian infants.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care professionals about the food guide for children up to 2 years old: a cross-sectional study, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Women's Satisfaction with Breastfeeding and Risk of Exclusive Breastfeeding Interruption.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Ensuring breastfeeding equity has promise to help equalize early childhood development.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
- Exclusive breastfeeding modifies the association between maternal education and child development: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
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12 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe comprehension of breastfeeding patterns and trends through comparable indicators is essential to plan and implement public health policies.
objectiveTo evaluate the trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the gap to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets in children under 5 years.
methodsMicrodata from two National Surveys on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS-1996 and PNDS-2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition-2019 were used. The indicators of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding of infants 0-5 months of age (EBF<6 mo), continued breastfeeding at 1 year of age (CBF1yr) and CBF at 2 years of age (CBF2yr) were analysed using prevalence and 95% CI. The average annual variation and years to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets were calculated for Brazil and the macroregions. Statistical analyses considered the survey's complex sample design for each database.
resultsEIBF increased from 36.3% (95% CI 33.6% to 39.0%) in 1996 to 60.9% (95% CI 56.5% to 65.3%) in 2006 (statistically significant) and 62.5% (95% CI 58.3% to 66.6%) in 2019. EBF<6 mo increased from 26.9% (95% CI 21.3% to 31.9%) in 1996 to 39.0% (95% CI 31.0% to 47.1%) in 2006 and 45.8% (95% CI 40.9% to 50.7%) in 2019 (significant increases for 1996-2019 for Brazil, Northeast and Midwest regions). CBF1yr rose from 36.6% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.4%) in 1996 to 48.7% (95% CI 38.3% to 59.0%) in 2006, and 52.1% (95% CI 45.4% to 58.9%) in 2019. CBF2yr increased from 24.7% (95% CI 19.5% to 29.9%) in 1996 to 24.6% (95% CI 15.7% to 33.5%) in 2006 and 35.5% (95% CI 30.4% to 40.6%) in 2019 (significant increase for 1996-2019). The South and Southeast regions need to double the 2019 prevalence to reach the target for the CBF1yr and CBF2yr; the Northeast and North need to increase 60% the current prevalence for the indicator of EBF<6 mo.
conclusionA substantial improvement in breastfeeding indicators occurred in Brazil from 1996 to 2019, although at an insufficient rate to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets.
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