SynthesisJournal of pediatric psychology2023
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Pedestrian Interventions to Teach Children How to Cross Streets Safely.
Synthesis in Journal of pediatric psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a standardised and interactive intervention to prevent preschooler unintentional injury in rural China: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Teaching children pedestrian safety in virtual reality via smartphone: a noninferiority randomized clinical trial.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2024Trial
- Children's ability to estimate approaching vehicle time-to-arrival following training in a virtual pedestrian environment.Traffic injury prevention · 2024Trial
- An Evaluation of Parent and Child Perceptions About Pediatric Pedestrian Safety Skills.Child & youth care forum · 2026Article
- Scene variability affects action decisions, confidence and behaviour dynamics.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Linking walkability and pedestrian crossing safety using simulated urban environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Virtual street crossing and scanning behavior in people with hemianopia: A step toward successful crossings.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Child pedestrian safety training in virtual reality: How quickly do children achieve adult functioning and what individual differences impact learning efficiency?Journal of safety research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOver 7,000 American children die from pedestrian injuries annually, and pedestrian injury ranks among the top 5 causes of unintentional child death. Prevention efforts are multifaceted. One strategy, use of virtual reality (VR) to teach children to cross streets, is of growing interest to public health practitioners. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the efficacy of using VR to teach children pedestrian safety.
methodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, searches among 7 databases were completed, followed by abstract/full-text screening and data extraction. Hedge's g was computed for the effect sizes of 3 outcomes: pedestrian knowledge, pedestrian-relevant cognition (attention to traffic, time to contact, start delay), and pedestrian behaviors (safe crossings, unsafe crossings). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane guidelines. Meta-regression analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted including 3 moderators: age, sex, and immersion level.
resultsA total of 20 studies, reported in 24 articles, were included in the qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis of the 12 studies with sufficient quantitative data available showed a statistically significant medium effect of VR safety interventions on child pedestrian knowledge and behavior. Mixed results emerged for the effect of VR safety interventions on children's pedestrian-relevant cognition. Age and sex moderated the effect of VR training on pedestrian knowledge.
conclusionsThis synthesis of the literature on pediatric VR pedestrian safety interventions suggests an overall beneficial impact of VR interventions to teach children how to cross streets safely. Efforts should continue to develop and disseminate effective VR interventions. REGISTRATION ID: CRD42022309352.
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