ArticleScandinavian journal of work, environment & health2023
Long working hours and all-cause mortality in China: A 26-year follow-up study.
Article in Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long working hours and mortality outcomes: A systematic review with outcome-specific evidence synthesis.iScience · 2026Article
- Working hours indirectly affect anxiety symptoms through sleep and stress in dentists, physicians, and psychotherapists.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2025Article
- Associations of occupation categories with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: an analysis of NHANES 2005-2014.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Market integration and resident health in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Challenges and strategies for cultivating young teachers in pathophysiology departments at Chinese medical colleges: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Review
- Working hours and health - key research topics in the past and future.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Review
- Relationship between long working hours and smoking behaviors: Evidence from population-based cohort studies in Korea.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Article
- Working hours and cardiovascular disease.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe relationship between long working hours and the risk of mortality has been debated in various countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and all-cause mortality in a large population-based cohort in China.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study (N=10 269) used a large, nationally representative data set [the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS)] from 1989 to 2015. Long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35-40 hours per week). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, with stratified analyses to assess differences in mortality risk among subgroups.
resultsAmong the participants, 411 deaths (3.52 per 1000 person-years) occurred during a median follow-up of 11.0 (range 4.0-18.0) years. After adjusting for covariates, long working hours were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02-2.18]. Stratified analyses revealed that this association was present only among men (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15-2.75) and smoking participants (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.57).
conclusionThis study provides evidence of an association between long working hours and all-cause mortality, which is specifically observed among men and smokers. Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive working hours and identify individuals at elevated risk, with support from labor organizations, policymakers, and employers.
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