ArticleCureus2023
Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Determinants of Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in Mumbai.Cureus · 2025Article
- Eight-Year Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in Patients with Moderate to Severe Hyponatremia: A Comprehensive Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Inflammatory, Hematological, and Biochemical Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Prevalence of hyponatremia among medically hospitalized patients and associated outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveHyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in a hospital setting, and the data regarding the contribution of hyponatremia to overall mortality are conflicting. The study objective was to determine patients' clinical profiles and outcomes with hyponatremia.
methodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, and included 375 adult patients aged more than 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of hyponatremia. Patients were subdivided into three groups based on the severity of hyponatremia: mild (130-135 mmol/L), moderate (125-129 mmol/L), and profound (<125 mmol/L).
resultsThe most common symptom was confusion (57.3%) followed by deep somnolence (40%) and nausea (36.8%). The most common cause of hyponatremia was diuretics (30.7%), followed by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (17.8%) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (14.1%). The severity of hyponatremia did not significantly influence the outcome. Patients with CLD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the etiology of hyponatremia had significantly worse outcomes compared to other causes of hyponatremia. The most common type was hypovolemic hypotonic followed by euvolemic hypotonic and hypervolemia hypotonic hyponatremia. Nearly half of the total deaths were observed in the hypervolemic hyponatremia group and were significantly higher compared to the other two groups (p=0.001). Correction of hyponatremia (i.e., serum sodium >135 mmol/L) was significantly linked with good outcomes (p=0.003).
conclusionOur study showed that the etiology of hyponatremia was a more important prognostic indicator rather than the severity of hyponatremia. Normalization of serum sodium was associated with improved survival.
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