ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Education counteracts the genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease without an interaction effect.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The distinctiveness of human aging I: Anthropological and developmental foundations.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- Cognitive Resilience in Apolipoprotein ε4 Carrier Women Predicted by Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Education as a Modifier of Genetic Influence on Cognitive Ability in Older Adults.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the confounders influencing the relationships linking socioeconomic factors and cognitive performance with family history of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Nasal lymphatic obstruction of CSF drainage as a possible cause of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and Functions of the Cerebral-Cognitive Reserve in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.Consortium psychiatricum · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of disability and mortality in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association of AD with education and genetic factors. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank. Genetic risk was assessed using a polygenic risk score for AD. The educational level was categorized as either low, intermediate, or high. AD was defined using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the independent and combined effects of genetic factors and educational levels on the risk of AD. Results: We included 318,535 participants in this study (age: 56.53 ± 8.09 years; male: 44.81%). Compared with a low genetic risk, a high genetic risk was associated with a significantly greater risk of AD (OR = 7.09, 95% CI: 6.09-8.26). A high educational level was associated with a 30% lower risk of AD compared with a low educational level (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.81). Combining genetic risk and education categories, individuals with a low genetic risk and high educational level had a more than 90% (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.16) lower risk of AD compared to those with a high genetic risk and low educational level. There was no significant interaction between genetic risk and educational level regarding AD risk ( Conclusion: Education counteracts the genetic risk of AD, without an interaction effect. Increasing education to reduce the incidence of AD is of same importance across individuals with different genetic risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.