ArticleJournal of inflammation research2023
Characteristics of Autophagy-Related Genes, Diagnostic Models, and Their Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Keratoconus.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy in ocular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Screening and Identification of Basement Membrane-Related Gene Signatures for Diagnosis in Keratoconus Through WGCNA and Machine Learning.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Keratoconus (KTCN) is one of the most common degenerative keratopathies, significantly affecting vision and even leading to blindness. This study identifies potential biomarkers of KTCN based on the characterization of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and the construction of a diagnostic model; and explores their relevance to immune infiltrating cells in KTCN. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data were downloaded and ARGs were acquired from GeneCards and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Autophagy-related differential expression genes (ARDEGs) were discovered through the integration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ARGs, while hub genes of KTCN were discovered by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The probable biological roles of these hub ARDEGs were examined using functional enrichment analysis, and a KTCN diagnostic model was generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. We also employed the CIBERSORTx and ssGSEA algorithms to identify potential regulatory pathways to compare the abundance of immune cell infiltrates and their association with hub genes. Finally, the hub gene expression levels were confirmed using validation datasets as well as blood samples from KTCN and healthy individuals. Results: In this study, we identified 12 hub ARDEGs, of which 9 genes were substantially distinct between KTCN patients and normal groups. The LASSO risk score was used to generate the nomogram, and the calibration curve evaluated the model's effective diagnostic performance (C index of 0.961). Patients with KTCN had greater percentages of M2 Macrophages and Gamma delta T cells, according to CIBERSORTx and ssGSEA. The outcomes of the bioinformatics analysis were supported by the DDIT3 and BINP3 expression levels in KTCN patients and healthy controls, according to the qRT-PCR data. Conclusion: Five biomarkers (CFTR, PLIN2, DDIT3, BAG3, and BNIP3) and diagnostic models offer fresh perspectives on identifying and managing KTCN.
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Registered trials
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