ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune cells as messengers from the CNS to the periphery: the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in immune cell migration from the CNS.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paraneoplastic Intracellular Neuropathies: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- From neuroinflammation to immune reprogramming: Nanozyme-Integrated nanoplatforms for neuroimmune modulation in Parkinson's disease.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Clonally Expanded CX3CR1Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Stratified Efficacy and Peripheral Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Jin's Tongue Triple Acupuncture as Adjunctive Therapy for Subacute Post-Stroke Broca Aphasia: A 1:1 PSM Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Article
- Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) as a means of neuro-immune cross-conversation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The meningeal lymphatic vessel-peripheral immune axis: a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Beyond immune privilege: the brain as a dynamic immunological interface.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Cribriform Plate Microenvironment Assembles a Suppressive Myeloid Network during EAE-induced Neuroinflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deep cervical lymph node analysis in central nervous system inflammatory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond AQP-4: convergent glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic dysfunction underlying multifactorial migraine pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Resolving inflammation: The impact of antiretroviral therapy on macrophage traffic in and out of the CNS.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- SPIONActa neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Therapeutic VEGFC treatment provides protection against traumatic-brain-injury-driven tauopathy pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Emerging Roles of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Pharmacologic depletion of border-associated macrophages worsens disease in a mouse model of meningitis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Perineural immune environment of olfactory nerves is reshaped by neuroinflammatory drainage and connects to ethmoid bone marrow.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a large focus on understanding the mechanisms of peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory diseases. This intense research led to several immunomodulatory therapies to attempt to regulate immune cell infiltration at the blood brain barrier (BBB), the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium, and the glial barrier. The fate of these infiltrating immune cells depends on both the neuroinflammatory environment and their type-specific interactions with innate cells of the CNS. Although the fate of the majority of tissue infiltrating immune cells is death, a percentage of these cells could become tissue resident immune cells. Additionally, key populations of immune cells can possess the ability to "drain" out of the CNS and act as messengers reporting signals from the CNS toward peripheral lymphatics. Recent data supports that the meningeal lymphatic system is involved not just in fluid homeostatic functions in the CNS but also in facilitating immune cell migration, most notably dendritic cell migration from the CNS to the meningeal borders and to the draining cervical lymph nodes. Similar to the peripheral sites, draining immune cells from the CNS during neuroinflammation have the potential to coordinate immunity in the lymph nodes and thus influence disease. Here in this review, we will evaluate evidence of immune cell drainage from the brain via the meningeal lymphatics and establish the importance of this in animal models and humans. We will discuss how targeting immune cells at sites like the meningeal lymphatics could provide a new mechanism to better provide treatment for a variety of neurological conditions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.