ArticleIndian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
Smokeless Tobacco as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East Asia Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-level exposure to arsenic in drinking water and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- A comprehensive review: role of smokeless tobacco consumption as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. There is a need of understanding the role of tobacco products in diabetes mellitus, especially smokeless tobacco (ST) products. Objective: To analyze if ST is a determinant for T2DM among patients in South East Asia Region (SEAR) and secondly to obtain the pooled prevalence of use of ST in T2DM patients/participants from these studies. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Scopus are the databases that were searched to find desired manuscripts, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria to undertake this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA). Meta-analysis was carried out to determine the pooled effect size for the odds ratio of ST use in T2DM with 95% CI. MedCalc statistical software was used followed by the DerSimonian and Laird method under the random effect model. Results: A total of 8 manuscripts were involved in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. Odds of 1.39 indicating increased frequency of using ST among T2DM patients or survey participants was observed, which was not significant with C.I. 95% (0.843-2.288) and Conclusion: This pooled analysis shows that ST use is not a risk factor for T2DM. The number of studies included in the SRMA from SEAR is limited having no representation from Myanmar, Bhutan, Timor Leste, and Sri Lanka.
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