Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37659419›Full record

Trial reportThe Lancet. Microbe2023

Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort study.

Xianming Zhu, Kelly A Gebo, Alison G Abraham, Feben Habtehyimer, Eshan U Patel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas J Gniadek, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Owen R Baker, Malathi Ram and 38 more

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Lancet. Microbe, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
14.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Extracellular vesicles are key mediators for direct antigen transport to draining lymph nodes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

48 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.

Xianming ZhuDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kelly A GeboDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alison G AbrahamJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Feben HabtehyimerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Eshan U PatelDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Oliver LaeyendeckerDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA.
Thomas J GniadekDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
Reinaldo E FernandezDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Owen R BakerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Malathi RamDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Edward R CachayDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Judith S CurrierDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yuriko FukutaDepartment of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Jonathan M GerberDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Sonya L HeathDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Barry MeisenbergDepartment of Medicine and Research Institute of Luminis Health, Annapolis, MD, USA.
Moises A HuamanDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Adam C LevineDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Aarthi ShenoyDivision of Hematology, Medstar DC Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
Shweta AnjanDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Janis E BlairDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Daniel CruserDepartment of Pathology, Nuvance Health Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.
Donald N ForthalDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Laura L HammittDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Seble KassayeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Giselle S MosnaimDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
Bela PatelDepartment of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
James H PaxtonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Jay S RavalDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Catherine G SutcliffeDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Matthew AbinanteAscada Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Patrick BroderickDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA.
Valerie CluzetDepartment of Infectious Disease, Nuvance Health Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.
Marie Elena CordiscoDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA.
Benjamin GreenblattDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nuvance Health Norwalk Hospital, Norwark, CT, USA.
Joann PetriniDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA.
William RauschDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA.
David ShadeDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Karen LaneDepartment of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Amy L GawadDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sabra L KleinDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrew PekoszDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Shmuel ShohamDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Arturo CasadevallDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Evan M BlochDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Daniel HanleyDepartment of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David J SullivanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Aaron A R TobianDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: atobian1@jhmi.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USDanbury Hospital · USNorthShore University HealthSystem · USVassar Brothers Medical Center · USBaylor College of Medicine · USBrown University · USGeorgetown University · USMayo Clinic Hospital · USNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USNorwalk Hospital · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Cincinnati · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · USUniversity of Miami · US

Funding

Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Risk Factors, Early Detection and Personalized InterventionUL1TR001409 · NCATS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C, MELLMAN, THOMAS A · 2015 to 2024
$37.8M
Johns Hopkins-Tufts Trial Innovation Center HEAL Pain ERN SupplementU24TR001609 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HANLEY, DANIEL F · 2016 to 2022
$36.3M
Conjugate vaccines for prevention and treatment of cryptococcosis - COVID-19 Revision SupplementR01AI152078 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 2020 to 2024
$5.1M
Unlocking the Potential of HIV-Infected Deceased Donors for Organ TransplantationR01AI120938 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TOBIAN, AARON A · 2016 to 2021
$4.3M
T-cell depletion and maintenance of the HIV-1 latent reservoir in distinct tissue compartmentsR01DK131926 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Melissa Laird Smith, AARON A TOBIAN · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
Colliding Epidemics During an Opioid Crisis: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Determinants of HIV and HCV Transmission Among People Who Inject DrugsF31DA054849 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI PATEL, ESHAN UDAY · 2021 to 2023
$140k
NCATS NIH HHS U24 TR001609NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI120938NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152078NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA054849NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK131926
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCytokines and chemokines play a critical role in the response to infection and vaccination. We aimed to assess the longitudinal association of COVID-19 vaccination with cytokine and chemokine concentrations and trajectories among people with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

methodsIn this longitudinal, prospective cohort study, blood samples were used from participants enrolled in a multi-centre randomised trial assessing the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy for ambulatory COVID-19. The trial was conducted in 23 outpatient sites in the USA. In this study, participants (aged ≥18 years) were restricted to those with COVID-19 before vaccination or with breakthrough infections who had blood samples and symptom data collected at screening (pre-transfusion), day 14, and day 90 visits. Associations between COVID-19 vaccination status and concentrations of 21 cytokines and chemokines (measured using multiplexed sandwich immunoassays) were examined using multivariate linear mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, trial group, and COVID-19 waves (pre-alpha or alpha and delta).

findingsBetween June 29, 2020, and Sept 30, 2021, 882 participants recently infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled, of whom 506 (57%) were female and 376 (43%) were male. 688 (78%) of 882 participants were unvaccinated, 55 (6%) were partly vaccinated, and 139 (16%) were fully vaccinated at baseline. After adjusting for confounders, geometric mean concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-29 (interferon-λ), inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumour necrosis factor-α were significantly lower among the fully vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group at screening. On day 90, fully vaccinated participants had approximately 20% lower geometric mean concentrations of IL-7, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A than unvaccinated participants. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations decreased over time in the fully and partly vaccinated groups and unvaccinated group. Log

interpretationInitially and during recovery from symptomatic COVID-19, fully vaccinated participants had lower concentrations of inflammatory markers than unvaccinated participants suggesting vaccination is associated with short-term and long-term reduction in inflammation, which could in part explain the reduced disease severity and mortality in vaccinated individuals.

fundingUS Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland, Mental Wellness Foundation, Moriah Fund, Octapharma, HealthNetwork Foundation, and the Shear Family Foundation.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdolescentAdultCOVID-19 SerotherapyCOVID-19 VaccinesCytokinesFemaleHumansInterleukin-7Interleukin-8MaleProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ACOVID-19 VaccinesCytokinesInterleukin-7Interleukin-8Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Identifiers

PMID37659419
PMCPMC10475695
OpenAlexW4385623047

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.