ArticlePharmacological reports : PR2023
The long-term effects of multidrug immunosuppressive protocols based on calcineurin inhibitors and conversion to rapamycin on the morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation of rat salivary glands.
Article in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcineurin Inhibitor-Based Triple Immunosuppressive Therapy Induces Profibrotic Changes in the Jejunal Mucosa of Male Rats: A Digital Image Analysis of Collagen Fibers.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from Solanum marginatum and its enhanced anti inflammatory activity in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cell lines.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplants patients.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- The treatment based on calcineurin inhibitors and their conversion to sirolimus alter the morphology in the rat testis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of multidrug immunosuppressive protocols on the salivary glands is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of immunosuppressive regimens based on calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and conversion to rapamycin on the morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation of rat salivary glands.
methodsMale rats received cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK-506), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), rapamycin (Rapa), and prednisone (Pre) according to three-drug protocols: CMP (CsA, MMF, and Pre), CMP/R (CsA, MMF, and Pre with conversion to Rapa), TMP (FK-506, MMF, and Pre), and TMP/R (FK-506, MMF, and Pre with conversion to Rapa). Morphological and immunohistochemical and quantitative analyses of the salivary glands were performed.
resultsStructural changes in salivary glands were observed in all experimental groups, especially in the submandibular gland. In the salivary glands, the percentages of collagen fibers and TUNEL-, Ki67- and PCNA-positive cells were higher in the experimental groups vs. the control but were lower in the CMP/R and TMP/R groups vs. the CMP and TMP groups, with the exception of collagen fibers in the parotid gland in the TMP/R group vs. the TMP group.
conclusionsLong-term administration of CNIs in triple regimens and after conversion to rapamycin monotherapy, causes morphological changes in the salivary glands of rats. Immunosuppressive treatment based on CNIs is associated with an increase in collagen accumulation. The effects of the conversion of treatment with CNIs to rapamycin in immunosuppressive protocols in rat salivary glands lead to decreased fibrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation. These changes may possibly prevent abnormalities resulting from the application of CNIs.
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