ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2025
Effects of Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) on Academic Performance and Educational Attainment.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurological and biological correlations of ODD with ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Executive Functions and Clinical Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The association between mental health problems in childhood and adolescence and educational and labor market outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of register data studies.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Indirect associations between adolescent ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and adult incomes: the mediating roles of education and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Role of Cognitive Ability in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- A multimodal approach for ADHD with coexisting ASD detection for children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Girls and the Risk of Unplanned Pregnancies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Examining the prevalence of ADHD and ODD among primary school students in rural Thailand: Key findings from a comprehensive school-based study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Associations of Symptoms of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Adolescence With Occupational Outcomes and Incomes in Adulthood.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal population-based cohort study was to examine the effects of ADHD and ODD symptoms in adolescence on academic performance at age 16, and on educational attainment by the age of 32. The population studied here was the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). The participants were classified into four groups: those with symptoms of ADHD, ODD, ADHD + ODD, and a control group. Early academic performance at the age of 16 years was based on the Joint Application Register for Secondary Education, and eventual educational attainment was derived from the registers of Statistics Finland and included information recorded up to 2018. Although symptoms of pure ODD had a negative effect on academic performance at school relative to the control group, this effect was weaker than that of pure ADHD symptoms. The ADHD + ODD group, both males and females, had the greatest deficits of all in educational attainment in adulthood and failed to progress to an institution of higher education as often as the control group. Symptoms of ODD in adolescent females predicted educational attainment in adulthood that extended no further than the compulsory comprehensive school level. The results remained statistically significant after adjustment for the educational level of the parents of the subjects, family type, and any psychiatric disorders (other than ADHD or ODD). The findings provide valuable information on the pervasive effects of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and ODD that persist into adulthood.
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