Trial reportJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2023
Practical use of apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease: lessons from the TOLEDO study and clinical experience.
Trial report in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive Outcomes of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Apomorphine and Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Therapies.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Device aided therapies in Parkinson disease: an expert view on apomorphine.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Regional features in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the Baltic States compared to Germany.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Outcome of People with Parkinson's Disease Treated with Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Who Failed Previous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Subcutaneous apomorphine-induced pneumonitis: An uncommon pulmonary adverse event.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- Nationwide analysis of real-world access to and use of device-aided therapies in Parkinson's disease: insights from the French National Healthcare Data System (2015-2021).BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Biochemical and nutritional changes during continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: findings from an observational cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- A Review of the Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Parkinson's Disease.Cureus · 2025Review
- Dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: the show must go on.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Monotherapy with infusion therapies - useful or not?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: protein quality control machinery as potential therapeutic clearance pathways.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Integrating technology into a successful apomorphine delivery program in Thailand: a 10-year journey of achievements with a five-motto concept.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Initiating Apomorphine Therapy Without Antiemetic Pretreatment: Real-World Data From a Nurse-led Parkinson Disease Support Program.The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience NursesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion is a device-aided therapy for Parkinson's disease that can be considered when motor fluctuations become persistent and are no longer adequately controlled by oral/transdermal medication. Apomorphine infusion is less invasive than enteral levodopa, deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound, and is often indicated even when neurosurgical approaches are contraindicated. This article aims to provide practical guidance for doctors and nurses initiating and treating patients with apomorphine infusion, and is based on both trial data and clinical experience from movement disorders specialists. A post hoc analysis of data from the TOLEDO randomized clinical trial of apomorphine infusion was conducted along with an analysis of 'real world' experience from 13 movement disorders specialists using a questionnaire that focused on starting patients on apomorphine infusion. Practical guidelines for starting treatment with apomorphine infusion are provided taking into consideration the regional disparities in healthcare. Apomorphine infusion is straightforward to administer but to be successful it requires concordance from the patient and family, and clinical support from an experienced team of doctors and nurses, particularly in the early months of treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.