ArticlePloS one2023
The fracture resistance of 3D-printed versus milled provisional crowns: An in vitro study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized comparative crossover clinical study of mechanical and optical behavior, and oral health-related quality of life of CAD-CAM milled and 3D-printed complete-arch implant-supported interim restorations.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2026Trial
- Fracture resistance and survival rates of chairside, milled, and 3D-printed provisional three-unit FDPs with two cements before and after masticatory simulation.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Fracture strength of conventional versus digital interim crowns after thermal cycling.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Modification of 3D-Printed Crown Resin: Effects of Concentration on Surface Roughness and Vickers Hardness After Thermocycling.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Article
- Tribological Performance of CAM-Processed Interim Dental Restoration Materials: Effects of 3D Printing, Milling, and Post-Processing on Wear and Surface Topography.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Fracture Resistance of 3D-Printed Hybrid Abutment Crowns Made from a Tooth-Colored Ceramic Filled Hybrid Composite: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- A Comparative In Vitro Study of Materials for Provisional Restorations Manufactured With Additive (3Dprinting), Subtractive (Milling), and Conventional Techniques.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- A new era in provisional restorations: evaluating marginal accuracy and fracture strength in additive, substractive and conventional techniques.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Article
- Fracture strength and failure mode of implant-supported provisional resin composite crowns on hydroxyapatite-coated sulfonated PEEK abutments following thermomechanical loading.The journal of advanced prosthodontics · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing Resin-Based Dental Provisional Crowns and Bridges: Recent Progress in Properties, Applications, and Perspectives.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of torch with electric arc casting in the lost wax technique for the cast dental stud protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparison of Fracture Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed Crown Materials According to Occlusal Thickness.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Use of Computer Digital Techniques and Modern Materials in Dental Technology in Restoration: A Caries-Damaged Smile in a Teenage Patient.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCAD/CAM has considerably transformed the clinical practice of dentistry. In particular, advanced dental materials produced via digital technologies offer unquestionable benefits, such as ideal mechanical stability, outstanding aesthetics and reliable high precision. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has promoted new innovations, especially in the field of biomedicine.
aimsThe aim of this study is to analyze the fracture resistance of implant-supported 3D-printed temporary crowns relative to milled crowns by compression testing.
methodsThe study sample included 32 specimens of temporary crowns, which were divided into 16 specimens per group. Each group consisted of eight maxillary central incisor crowns (tooth 11) and eight maxillary molar crowns (tooth 16). The first group (16 specimens) was 3D printed by a mask printer (Varseo, BEGO, Bremen, Germany) with a temporary material (VarseoSmile Temp A3, BEGO, Bremen, Germany). The second group was milled with a millable temporary material (VitaCAD Temp mono-color, Vita, Bad Säckingen, Germany). The two groups were compression tested until failure to estimate their fracture resistance. The loading forces and travel distance until failure were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 24.0. We performed multiple t tests and considered a significance level of p <0.05.
resultsThe mean fracture force of the printed molars was 1189.50 N (±250.85) with a deformation of 1.75 mm (±0.25). The milled molars reached a mean fracture force of 1817.50 N (±258.22) with a deformation of 1.750 mm (±0.20). The printed incisors fractured at 321.63 N (±145.90) with a deformation of 1.94 mm (±0.40), while the milled incisors fractured at 443.38 N (±113.63) with a deformation of 2.26 mm (±0.40). The milled molar group revealed significantly higher mechanical fracture strength than the 3D-printed molar group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences between the 3D-printed incisors and the milled incisors were found (p = 0.084). There was no significant difference in the travel distance until fracture for both the molar group (p = 1.000) and the incisor group (p = 0.129).
conclusionWithin the limits of this in vitro investigation, printed and milled temporary crowns withstood masticatory forces and were safe for clinical use.
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Registered trials
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