ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2024
The Social, Demographic, and Clinical Predictors of COVID-19 Severity: a Model-based Analysis of United States Veterans.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contextual nonmedical health factors and critical care-related outcomes: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Urban and Rural Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2025Pooled it
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to identify the contributions of individual and community social determinants of health (SDOH), demographic, and clinical factors in COVID-19 disease severity through a model-based analysis.
methodsThis national cross-sectional study focused on hospitalization among those tested for COVID-19 and use of intensive care, analyzing data on 220,848 Veterans tested between February 20, 2020 and October 20, 2021. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed using backwards elimination. The predictive value of each model was assessed with a c-statistic.
resultsThose hospitalized were older, more likely to be male, of Black or Asian race, have an income less than $39,999, live in an urban residence, and have medical comorbidities. The strongest predictors for hospitalization included Gini inequality index, race, income, heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For intensive care, Asian race, rural residence, COPD, and CKD were the strongest predictors. C-statistics were c = 0.749 for hospitalization and c = 0.582 for ICU admission.
conclusionsA combination of clinical, demographic, individual and community SDOH factors predict COVID-19 hospitalization with good predictive ability and can inform risk stratification, discharge planning, and public health interventions. Racial disparities were not explained by social or clinical factors. Intensive care models had low discriminative power and may be better explained by other characteristics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.