ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2023
The plasma exosomes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small extracellular vesicle cargo as biomarkers in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review.Rheumatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting the ferritinophagy axis: multi-target regulation of TFRC/FTH1/NCOA4 by artesunate ameliorates salivary gland dysfunction in Sjögren's Disease.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in salivary gland disorders: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic perspectives.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Microglia-derived iron-overloaded exosomes induce neuronal ferroptosis and aggravate neurological impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-Based Modulation of Autoimmune Microenvironments in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Review of Mechanistic Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and organelle roles in dry eye.iScience · 2025Review
- Exosomes as immunomodulators in autoimmune inflammation: implications for primary Sjögren's disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Melatonin inhibits salivary gland epithelial cell ferroptosis via the NRF2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Recent Advances in Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Artemisinin derivatives modulate KEAP1-NRF2-xCT pathway to alleviate Sjögren's disease: insights from scRNA-seq and systems biology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Updating on the Dual Role of Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell (SGEC) in Sjögren's Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- A review of the roles of exosomes in salivary gland diseases with an emphasis on primary Sjögren's syndrome.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Review
- Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of extracellular vesicles for primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A review.Dentistry review (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease represented by exocrine gland epithelial cell lesions. However, the mechanism underlying these lesions remains unclear. This study analyzed the plasma exosomes of pSS patients using proteomics and revealed the presence of 24 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the primary biological processes and signaling pathways related to ferroptosis. The DEPs enriched in the ferroptosis-related items were represented by downregulated ceruloplasmin (CP) and transferrin (TF). CC analysis of GO enrichment showed that CP and TF were localized at the apical plasma membrane, which is currently found only in epithelial cells. PPI analysis indicated that these exosomal DEPs formed a clustering network containing CP and TF. Among them, C5, C9, Haptoglobin (HP), and SERPING1 interacted directly with CP and TF. Notably, the expression of these proteins significantly decreased in both the pSS and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) plasma exosomes but not in non-autoimmune sicca syndrome (nSS). In addition, their expression levels were significantly different in the exosomes and plasma. More importantly, the plasma and salivary exosomes of pSS patients contain higher levels of exocrine gland epithelial autoantigens SSA and SSB than those of healthy controls, and epithelial cells with positive labial glands biopsy (LGB) were more susceptible to ferroptosis than those with negative LGB. The results indicated that ferroptosis may be closely related to SS epithelial cell lesions. KEY MESSAGES: • pSS plasma exosomes contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis. • Complement C5 and C9 may be new molecules involved in ferroptosis and play a crucial role in pSS epithelial cell pathology. • The serum exosomes from pSS patients, not nSS patients, contain ferroptosis-related proteins. • The changes in the ferroptosis-related protein content in the exosomes can better reflect the state of the epithelial cell lesions than those in the plasma.
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