ReviewActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B2023
Advanced subunit vaccine delivery technologies: From vaccine cascade obstacles to design strategies.
Review in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the role of adhesin proteins in controllingInfection and immunity · 2025Pooled it
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Linker-directed lipid-antigen conjugates co-enhance lymph node targeting and antigen presentation for potent T cell immunity.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Surface-Functionalization of PP7 Virus-Like Particles with Spytag for Bioconjugation Applications.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Surface-bioengineering of bacteriophage AP205 and MS2 virus-like particles with novel Spytag003 for antigen conjugation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatic-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine againstBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Programmable trivalent nanocage vaccine confers durable cross-species protection against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Encapsulation of the lipidated TLR7/8 agonist INI-4001 into ionic liposomes impacts H7 influenza antigen-specific immune responses.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- A novel fusion protein of COVID-19 virus enhancing protection of Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Article
- Cyanobacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Protein Carriers: Towards Fish Vaccination.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Construction of a localized immune nicheActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation anti-infective drugs in the post-antibiotic era: focusing on anti-virulence agents targeting the bacterial quorum sensing system.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Intranasal delivery of a polymeric nanoparticle subunit vaccine for the induction of protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pangenome-Guided Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics Approach for Rational Design of a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine Candidate Against the Multidrug-Resistant PathogenPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of Nanoemulsion-Adjuvanted Monkeypox Virus Recombinant Vaccines Against Lethal Challenge in Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Establishing long-lasting vaccine immunity: insights from mRNA and adjuvanted protein platforms.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Designing and manufacturing safe and effective vaccines is a crucial challenge for human health worldwide. Research on adjuvant-based subunit vaccines is increasingly being explored to meet clinical needs. Nevertheless, the adaptive immune responses of subunit vaccines are still unfavorable, which may partially be attributed to the immune cascade obstacles and unsatisfactory vaccine design. An extended understanding of the crosstalk between vaccine delivery strategies and immunological mechanisms could provide scientific insight to optimize antigen delivery and improve vaccination efficacy. In this review, we summarized the advanced subunit vaccine delivery technologies from the perspective of vaccine cascade obstacles after administration. The engineered subunit vaccines with lymph node and specific cell targeting ability, antigen cross-presentation, T cell activation properties, and tailorable antigen release patterns may achieve effective immune protection with high precision, efficiency, and stability. We hope this review can provide rational design principles and inspire the exploitation of future subunit vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.