Observational studyScientific reports2023
New cut-off points of PHQ-9 and its variants, in Costa Rica: a nationwide observational study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychometric Validation of the Kazakh Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of performance status, depression, and demographics with advance directive documentation in patients with glioblastoma.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Development of a Recommendation Engine to University Student Mental Health Support Aligned With Stepped Care: Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Charting the course of depression care: a meta-analysis of reliability generalization of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ- 9) as the measure.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- The Relevance of Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers: A Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Reliability and convergent validity of the PHQ-2 for the rapid detection of depressive symptoms in healthcare professionals in Argentina.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The PHQ-9 questionnaire is a screening test worldwide used to measure depression. But it cannot be used in Costa Rica, due to the fact that it has not previously been validated for its population. The present study aims to show the validation of the PHQ-9 questionnaire and its variants (PHQ-2, PHQ-4, PHQ-8) in a population sample of adults residing in Costa Rica. A sample was collected (n = 1162) using a self-administered questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) were tested. One factor was found that explained 73.33% of the variance with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.928). Goodness-of-fit measures were adequate (RMSEA = 0.107; CFI = 0.948), as was diagnostic power at a cut-off of 10 (78.60 for Sensitivity and 27.95 for 1-Specificity). External validation indices were good (r = 0.843 with GAD-7, r = - 0.647 with RS14, and r = 0.301 with FCV19S), and the model showed invariance by sex (∆χ
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Registered trials
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